NeChitatu, Mutungamiri Biden vakazivisa chibvumirano chekupa Intel nemadhora mazana masere nemazana mashanu emadhora mumari yakananga uye madhora mabhiriyoni gumi nerimwe ezvikwereti pasi peCHIPS neSainzi Act.Intel ichashandisa iyi mari kune yayo machira emucheka muArizona, Ohio, New Mexico, uye Oregon.Sezvakataurwa mupepanhau redu raDecember 2023, CHIPS Act inopa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu nenomwe emadhora emari yeUS semiconductor indasitiri, kusanganisira mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nepfumbamwe emadhora ekukurudzira kugadzira.Intel isati yapihwa, iyo CHIPS Act yakanga yatopa mari inosvika bhiriyoni imwe chete yemadhora kuGlobalFoundries, Microchip Technology, uye BAE Systems, sekureva kweSemiconductor Industry Association (SIA).
Kufambira mberi kwemari pasi pemutemo weCHIPS kwave kunonoka, uye kugoverwa kwekutanga kwakaziviswa kwepfuura gore mushure mekutambirwa kwayo.Nekuda kwekubhadhara kunononoka, mamwe mapurojekiti makuru e semiconductor machira muUnited States akanonoka.TSMC yakaonawo matambudziko ekutsvaga vashandi vanokwanisa kuvaka.Intel akati kunonoka kwacho kunokonzerwa nekudzikira kwekutengesa.
Dzimwe nyika dzakagoverawo mari yekusimudzira kugadzirwa kwesemiconductor.MunaGunyana 2023, European Union yakapasisa European Chips Act, iyo inotaura €430 bhiriyoni (inenge $470 bhiriyoni) mukudyara kweveruzhinji nekuzvimiririra kweindasitiri yesemiconductor.Muna Mbudzi 2023, Japan yakagovera ¥ 2 trillion (inenge madhora gumi nematatu emadhora) yekugadzira semiconductor.Taiwan yakadzika mutemo muna Ndira 2024 kuti ipe kurudziro yemutero kumakambani esemiconductor.Muna Kurume 2023, South Korea yakapasisa bhiri rekupa mutero kurudziro yehunyanzvi tekinoroji, kusanganisira semiconductors.China inotarisirwa kumisa homwe inotsigirwa nehurumende inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi mana emadhora kuti ibatsire indasitiri yayo yesemiconductor.
Ndeapi tarisiro ye semiconductor indasitiri capital expenditure (CapEx) gore rino?Mutemo weCHIPS une chinangwa chekukurudzira kushandiswa kwemari, asi zvizhinji zvezvinokonzera hazvizoonekwe kusvikira mushure megore ra2024. Gore rakapera, misika ye semiconductor yakaderera zvinonyadzisa ne8.2%, zvichiita kuti makambani akawanda atore nzira yakachenjerera yekushandiswa kwemari muna 2024. Tinofungidzira. iyo yakazara semiconductor CapEx muna 2023 yaive $169 bhiriyoni, kuderera ne7% kubva 2022. Isu tinofanotaura kuderera kwe2% muCapEx ye2024.
Nekudzoreredza kwemusika wekurangarira uye kuwedzera kunotarisirwa kudiwa kubva kune zvitsva zvikumbiro senjere dzekugadzira, makambani makuru ekurangarira anotarisirwa kuwedzera mari yekushandisa muna 2024. Samsung inoronga kuchengetedza mari yakati sandara muna 2024 pamadhora 37 bhiriyoni asi haina kucheka mari. mashandisirwo emari muna 2023. Micron Technology neSK Hynix zvakaderedza mari yekushandisa muna 2023 uye kuronga kukura kwenhamba mbiri muna 2024.
The hombe foundry, TSMC, anoronga kushandisa anenge $28 bhiriyoni kusvika $32 bhiriyoni muna 2024, ane pakati nepakati $30 bhiriyoni, a 6% kuderera kubva 2023. SMIC anoronga kuchengetedza capital expenditure flat, nepo UMC inoronga kuwedzera ne10%.GlobalFoundries inotarisira kudzikiswa kwe61% mukushandiswa kwemari muna 2024 asi ichawedzera kushandisa mumakore mashoma anotevera nekuvakwa kwechigadzirwa chitsva muMalta, New York.
Pakati peIntegrated Device Manufacturers (IDMs), Intel inoronga kuwedzera mari yekushandisa ne2% muna 2024 kusvika kumadhora mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemazana maviri emadhora.Intel ichawedzera huwandu kune vese vatengi vekutanga uye zvigadzirwa zvemukati.Texas Instruments 'capital expenditure inoramba yakapusa.TI inoronga kushandisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni mashanu emadhora pagore kusvika 2026, kunyanya kune yayo nyowani nyowani muSherman, Texas.STMicroelectronics ichadzikisa kushandiswa kwemari ne39%, ukuwo Infineon Technologies ichideredza ne3%.
Samsung, TSMC, uye Intel, ivo vatatu vakanyanya kushandisa mari, vanotarisirwa kuverengera makumi mashanu nenomwe muzana emari yekushandisa semiconductor indasitiri panosvika 2024.
Ndeipi nhanho yakakodzera yekushandiswa kwemari inoenderana nemusika wesemiconductor?Kusagadzikana kwemusika wesemiconductor kunozivikanwa.Mumakore makumi mana apfuura, kukura kwepagore kwakaderera kubva pa 46% muna 1984 kusvika pa 32% muna 2001. Kunyange zvazvo kusagadzikana kweindastiri kwakaderera nekukura, kukura kwayo kwakasvika 26% mumakore mashanu apfuura.Yakaderera ne12% muna 2021 uye 12% muna 2019. Makambani eSemiconductor anofanira kuronga kukwanisa kwavo kwemakore anotevera.Kuvaka jira idzva rinowanzotora makore maviri, paine imwe nguva inodiwa kuronga nekubhadhara mari.Nekuda kweizvozvo, chikamu chekushandisa semiconductor capital capital kumusika semiconductor inosiyana zvakanyanya, sezvakaratidzwa pazasi.
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Chiyero chekushandisa semiconductor capital capital kusvika pakukura kwemusika kubva pakakwirira ye34% kusvika yakaderera ye12%.Avhareji yemakore mashanu avhareji inowira pakati pe28% ne18%.Munguva yese kubva 1980 kusvika 2023, mari yekushandisa yakaverengera 23% yemusika semiconductor.Pasinei nekushanduka-shanduka, maitiro enguva refu yereshiyo iyi anoramba achienderana.Zvichienderana nekukura kwakasimba kwemusika uye kuderera kwekushandiswa kwemari, isu tinotarisira kuti chiyero ichi chichadzikira kubva pa32% muna 2023 kusvika 27% muna 2024.
Mafungiro mazhinji anofanotaura semiconductor musika kukura muhuwandu hwe13% kusvika 20% ye2024. Yedu semiconductor intelligence inofanotaura kukura kwe18%.Kana 2024 ichiita nesimba sezvaitarisirwa, makambani anogona kuwedzera hurongwa hwekushandisa mari nekufamba kwenguva.Tinogona kutarisira kuona shanduko dzakanaka mukushandiswa kwemari yesemiconductor muna 2024.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-08-2024