NeChitatu, Mutungamiri Biden vakazivisa chibvumirano chekupa Intel mari inosvika mabhiriyoni masere nehafu emadhora ($8.5 bhiriyoni) uye zvikwereti zvinosvika mabhiriyoni gumi nerimwe zvemadhora pasi peCHIPS and Science Act. Intel ichashandisa mari iyi kumakambani ayo ekugadzira zvinhu muArizona, Ohio, New Mexico, neOregon. Sezvakashumwa mutsamba yedu yaZvita 2023, CHIPS Act inopa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu nembiri ($52.7 bhiriyoni) yekubatsira indasitiri ye semiconductor yeUS, kusanganisira mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe ekukurudzira kugadzira. Intel isati yagovera, CHIPS Act yakanga yatogovera mari inosvika mabhiriyoni gumi nemazana manomwe emadhora kuGlobalFoundries, Microchip Technology, uye BAE Systems, sekureva kweSemiconductor Industry Association (SIA).
Kufambira mberi pakutsvaga mari pasi peCHIPS Act kwave kunonoka, uye chikamu chekutanga chakaziviswa gore rimwe chete mushure mekupasiswa kwayo. Nekuda kwekunonoka kwekupihwa kwemari, mamwe mapurojekiti makuru ekugadzira michina ye semiconductor muUnited States akanonoka. TSMC yakaonawo matambudziko ekuwana vashandi vekuvaka vane hunyanzvi. Intel yakati kunonoka uku kwakakonzerwa nekuderera kwekutengesa.
Dzimwe nyika dzakapawo mari yekusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemasemiconductor. MunaGunyana 2023, European Union yakapasisa European Chips Act, iyo inoti €430 bhiriyoni (inenge $470 bhiriyoni) mukudyara kweveruzhinji nevepachivande kuindasitiri yemasemiconductor. Muna Mbudzi 2023, Japan yakaisa ¥2 trillion (inenge $13 bhiriyoni) yekugadzira masemiconductor. Taiwan yakaisa mutemo muna Ndira 2024 wekupa mitero yekukurudzira makambani emasemiconductor. Muna Kurume 2023, South Korea yakapasisa bhiri rekupa mitero yekukurudzira matekinoroji ehurongwa, kusanganisira masemiconductor. China inotarisirwa kuumba mari inotsigirwa nehurumende inosvika $40 bhiriyoni yekutsigira indasitiri yayo yemasemiconductor.
Ndeipi tarisiro yekushandiswa kwemari yeindasitiri yesemiconductor (CapEx) gore rino? CHIPS Act ine chinangwa chekukurudzira kushandiswa kwemari, asi mhedzisiro yacho haizoonekwi kusvika mushure megore ra2024. Gore rapfuura, musika wesemiconductor wakaderera ne8.2%, zvichiita kuti makambani mazhinji atore nzira yekuchenjerera yekushandisa mari yemutero muna 2024. Tinofungidzira kuti huwandu hwese hwesemiconductor CapEx muna 2023 hwaive mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe emadhora, kudzikira kwe7% kubva muna 2022. Tinofungidzira kudzikira kwe2% muCapEx muna 2024.
Nekudzoka kwemusika wekurangarira zvinhu uye kuwedzera kuri kutarisirwa kwezvinodiwa kubva kumapurogiramu matsva akadai sehungwaru hwekugadzira zvinhu, makambani makuru ekurangarira zvinhu anotarisirwa kuwedzera mari inoshandiswa mumari muna 2024. Samsung inoronga kuchengetedza mari inoshandiswa zvisina kuenzana muna 2024 pamadhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nemanomwe emadhora asi haina kuderedza mari inoshandiswa mumari muna 2023. Micron Technology neSK Hynix zvakaderedza zvakanyanya mari inoshandiswa mumari muna 2023 uye zvinoronga kukura kwenhamba mbiri muna 2024.
TSMC, kambani huru yekugadzira zvinhu, inoronga kushandisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nemasere emadhora kusvika mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nemaviri emadhora muna 2024, neavhareji yemadhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu emadhora, kudzikira kwe6% kubva muna 2023. SMIC inoronga kuchengetedza mari inoshandiswa mukuvaka zvinhu isingachinji, ukuwo UMC ichironga kuwedzera ne10%. GlobalFoundries inotarisira kudzikiswa kwe61% kwemari inoshandiswa mukuvaka zvinhu muna 2024 asi ichawedzera mari inoshandiswa mumakore mashoma anotevera nekuvakwa kweimwe kambani itsva muMalta, New York.
Pakati peVagadziri veMidziyo Yakabatanidzwa (IDMs), Intel inoronga kuwedzera mari inoshandiswa mumakambani ne2% muna 2024 kusvika mabhiriyoni emadhora $26.2. Intel ichawedzera kugona kwevatengi vekugadzira michina yesimbi pamwe nezvigadzirwa zvemukati. Mari inoshandiswa mumakambani eTexas Instruments ichiri shoma. TI inoronga kushandisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni mashanu emadhora pagore kusvika muna 2026, kunyanya nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwayo hutsva muSherman, Texas. STMicroelectronics ichaderedza mari inoshandiswa mumakambani ne39%, ukuwo Infineon Technologies ichadzikira ne3%.
Samsung, TSMC, neIntel, idzo nhatu dzinoshandisa mari yakawanda, dzinotarisirwa kubhadhara 57% yemari inoshandiswa muindasitiri ye semiconductor panosvika gore ra2024.
Ndeipi nhanho yakakodzera yekushandisa mari kana tichienzanisa nemusika we semiconductor? Kusagadzikana kwemusika we semiconductor kunozivikanwa zvikuru. Mumakore makumi mana apfuura, mwero wekukura kwegore negore wakaderera kubva pa46% muna 1984 kusvika pa32% muna 2001. Kunyange hazvo kusagadzikana kweindasitiri kwakadzikira nekukura, mwero wekukura kwayo wakasvika pa26% mumakore mashanu apfuura. Yakaderera ne12% muna 2021 uye 12% muna 2019. Makambani e semiconductor anofanirwa kuronga kugona kwavo kwemakore anotevera. Kuvaka chigadzirwa chitsva kunowanzo tora makore maviri, nenguva yekuwedzera inodiwa kuronga nekubhadhara mari. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chikamu chemari inoshandiswa semiconductor kumusika we semiconductor chinosiyana zvakanyanya, sezvakaratidzwa pazasi.
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Chiyero chemari inoshandiswa muzvikamu zve semiconductor capital kusvika pakukura kwemusika chave kubva pa34% kusvika pa12%. Avhareji yemakore mashanu inowira pakati pe28% ne18%. Munguva yese kubva muna 1980 kusvika 2023, mari inoshandiswa muzvikamu zve semiconductor yave 23% yemusika wezvikamu zve semiconductor. Pasinei nekuchinja-chinja, maitiro enguva refu echiyero ichi anoramba akafanana. Zvichibva pakukura kwakasimba kwemusika uye kudzikira kwemari inoshandiswa muzvikamu zve semiconductor, tinotarisira kuti chiyero ichi chichadzikira kubva pa32% muna 2023 kusvika pa27% muna 2024.
Mafungiro mazhinji anofungidzira kukura kwemusika we semiconductor kubva pa13% kusvika 20% mugore ra2024. Hungwaru hwedu hwe semiconductor hunofanotaura kukura kwe18%. Kana 2024 ikashanda nesimba sezvaitarisirwa, makambani anogona kuwedzera zvirongwa zvavo zvekushandisa mari nekufamba kwenguva. Tinogona kutarisira kuona shanduko dzakanaka mukushandiswa kwemari ye semiconductor mugore ra2024.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-08-2024