Muna 1965, mumwe wevakatanga Intel, Gordon Moore, akataura zvakazova "Mutemo waMoore." Kwemakore anopfuura makumi mashanu, zvakatsigira kubudirira kwakasimba mukushanda kweIC (integrated-circuit) uye kudzikira kwemitengo—hwaro hwetekinoroji yemazuva ano yedhijitari. Muchidimbu: huwandu hwematransistors ari pachip hunowedzera kaviri makore maviri ega ega.
Kwemakore, kufambira mberi kwakatevera speedance iyoyo. Iye zvino mamiriro acho ari kuchinja. Kudzikira kwakawedzera kwava kuoma; saizi dzezvinhu dzaderera kusvika kuma nanometer mashoma chete. Mainjiniya ari kusangana nemiganhu yemuviri, matanho akaomarara ekuita, uye mitengo iri kukwira. Majometri madiki anoderedzawo goho, zvichiita kuti kugadzirwa kwakawanda kuve kwakaoma. Kuvaka nekushandisa zvinhu zvitsva kunoda mari yakawanda nehunyanzvi. Saka vazhinji vanoti Mutemo waMoore uri kurasikirwa nesimba.
Kuchinja ikoko kwakavhura mukana wekushandisa nzira itsva: machiplets.
Chiplet idhayi diki rinoita basa rakati—zvikurukuru chidimbu cheyaimbova chip imwe chete. Nekubatanidza machiplet akawanda mupakeji imwe chete, vagadziri vanogona kuunganidza sisitimu yakakwana.
Munguva yemonolithic, mabasa ese aigara padhishi rimwe chete guru, saka chikanganiso chero kupi zvacho chaigona kubvisa chishishi chose. Nemachiplets, masisitimu akavakwa kubva ku "dishi inozivikanwa-yakanaka" (KGD), zvichivandudza zvikuru goho uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira.
Kubatanidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana—kubatanidza madhiri akavakirwa pamanode akasiyana ekushanda uye mabasa akasiyana—kunoita kuti machipleti ave nesimba zvikuru. Mabhuroko emakombiyuta anoshanda zvakanyanya anogona kushandisa manode matsva, nepo macircuit ekurangarira neanalog achiramba ari pamatekinoroji ekare uye asingadhuri. Mugumisiro wacho: kushanda kwepamusoro pamutengo wakaderera.
Indasitiri yemotokari inonyanya kufarira. Vagadziri vemotokari vakuru vari kushandisa matekiniki aya kugadzira maSoC emumotokari mune ramangwana, vachizoshandiswa nevanhu vakawanda mushure megore ra2030. MaChiplets anovabvumira kuwedzera AI nemifananidzo zvinobudirira uku vachivandudza goho—zvichisimudzira mashandiro uye mashandiro emasemiconductor emotokari.
Zvimwe zvikamu zvemotokari zvinofanirwa kuzadzisa mitemo yakasimba yekushanda uye nekudaro zvichivimba nema node ekare, akaedzwa. Panguva iyi, masisitimu emazuva ano akadai se advanced driver-assistance (ADAS) uye software-defined vehicles (SDVs) anoda kuverenga kwakawanda. MaChiplets anovhara musiyano iwoyo: nekubatanidza ma microcontroller ekirasi yekuchengetedza, large memory, uye ane simba AI accelerators, vagadziri vanogona kugadzirisa maSoCs kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa nemugadziri wega wega wemotokari—nekukurumidza.
Mabhenefiti aya anopfuura mota. Magadzirirwo echiplet ari kupararira muAI, telecom, nedzimwe nzvimbo, zvichikurumidzisa hunyanzvi mumaindasitiri uye nekukurumidza kuva mbiru yenzira yesemiconductor.
Kubatanidzwa kweChiplet kunoenderana nekubatana kwakasimba, kunokurumidza uye kwakasimba. Chinhu chikuru chinogonesa iinterposer—chikamu chepakati, kazhinji silicon, pasi pemadhisi chinoendesa masaini akafanana nebhodhi diki redunhu. Mainterposer ari nani anoreva kubatana kwakasimba uye kuchinjana kwemasaini nekukurumidza.
Kurongedza kwepamusoro kunovandudzawo kutumirwa kwemagetsi. Masimbi madiki akabatana pakati pemadhayi anopa nzira dzakakwana dzemagetsi nedata kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakamanikana, zvichigonesa kutamiswa kwebandwidth yakawanda ukuwo uchishandisa nzvimbo shoma yepakeji.
Maitiro makuru anhasi ndeekubatanidza 2.5D: kuisa ma die akawanda padivi nepadivi pa interposer. Danho rinotevera ikubatanidza 3D, uko ma stacks dies akamira uchishandisa through-silicon vias (TSVs) kuti zvive zvakanyanya kuwanda.
Kusanganisa dhizaini yemachipisi emodular (kuparadzanisa mabasa uye mhando dzemaseketi) ne3D stacking kunoburitsa masemiconductors anokurumidza, madiki, uye asingashandise simba zvakanyanya. Kubatanidza memory pamwe necompute kunopa bandwidth yakakura kumaseti makuru edata—zvakanakira AI nemamwe mabasa epamusoro-soro.
Zvisinei, kuisa zvinhu zvakamira pamadziro kunounza matambudziko. Kupisa kunoungana zviri nyore, zvichiita kuti kutarisirwa kwekupisa kuve kwakaoma uye goho riwedzere. Kuti vagadzirise izvi, vaongorori vari kusimudzira nzira itsva dzekurongedza kuti vagadzirise zviri nani zvipingamupinyi zvekupisa. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, simba rakasimba: kubatana kwemachiplets nekubatanidzwa kwe3D kunoonekwa zvakanyanya senzira inovhiringidza - yakagadzirirwa kutakura torch uko Moore's Law inosiya.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-15-2025