Mg-Doped LiNbO₃Ingots 45°Z-Cut 64°Y-Cut Orientations ye5G/6G Communication Systems

Mg-Doped LiNbO₃Ingots 45°Z-Cut 64°Y-Cut Orientations For 5G/6G Communication Systems Featured Image

Tsanangudzo Pfupi:

LiNbO3 Ingot (Lithium Niobate Crystal Ingot) ibwe repakona mune advanced optoelectronics uye quantum tekinoroji, inozivikanwa neayo akasarudzika electro-optic coefficients (γ₃₃= 30.9 pm/V), yakafara transparency renji (400-5,200 nC, uye yakakwirira Curie 200 nC). Kusiyana neyakajairwa silicon-yakavakirwa zvinhu, LiNbO3 ingots inogonesa yakakwirira-frequency chiratidzo chekugadzirisa uye yakakura-aperture waveguide kugadzira, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha kune 5G/6G kutaurirana, quantum photonics, uye maindasitiri kunzwa. Kufambira mberi kwazvino mukubatanidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana (semuenzaniso, Si-based composite wafers) uye kuremerwa (semuenzaniso, Mg doping) zvakawedzera kushanda kwayo kunzvimbo dzakanyanyisa, dzakadai seyepamusoro-tembiricha (> 400 ° C) sensors uye nemwaranzi-yakaomeswa aerospace masisitimu.

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Features

Technical parameters

Crystal chimiro	Hexagonal
Lattice nguva dzose	a = 5.154 Å c = 13.783 Å
Mp	1650 oC
Density	7.45 g / cm3
Curie tembiricha	610 oC
Kuoma	5.5 - 6 Mohs
Thermal kuwedzera coefficient	aa = 1.61 x 10 -6 / k ac = 4.1 x 10 -6 / k
Resistivity	1015 Wm
Mvumo	es11 / e0: 39 ~ 43 es33 / e0: 42 ~ 43 et11 / e0: 51 ~ 54 et11 / e0: 43 ~ 46
Color	Pasina ruvara
Kuburikidza nehuwandu hwe	0.4 ~ 5.0 um
Index of refraction	kwete = 2.176 ne = 2.180 @ 633 nm

Hunhu Hunokosha Hwounyanzvi

LiNbO3 Ingot inoratidza sutu yezvivakwa zvepamusoro:

1. Electro-Optic Performance:

Yakakwira Nonlinear Coefficient: d₃₃ = 34.4 pm/V, ichigonesa chizvarwa chechipiri chinowirirana (SHG) uye optical parametric oscillation (OPO) ye tunable infrared sources.

Broadband Transmission: Minimal absorption mune inooneka spectrum (α <0.1 dB/cm pa 1550 nm), yakakosha kuC-band optical amplifiers, uye quantum frequency kutendeuka.

2. Mechanical & Thermal Kusimba:

Yakaderera Thermal Kuwedzera: CTE = 14.4×10⁻⁶/K (a-axis), kuve nechokwadi kuenderana nesilicon substrates mumahybrid photonic circuits.

High Piezoelectric Response: g₃₃> 20 mV/m, yakanakira nzvimbo acoustic wave (SAW) mafirita mu5G mmWave masisitimu.

3. Kudzora Kukanganisa:

Micropipe Density: <0.1 cm⁻²(8-inch ingots), yakasimbiswa kuburikidza nesynchrotron X-ray diffraction .

Radiation Resistance: Minimal lattice kukanganisa pasi pe100 kV/cm minda yemagetsi, yakasimbiswa mukuyedzwa kweaerospace-giredhi.

Strategic Applications

LiNbO3 Ingot inotyaira hunyanzvi munzvimbo dzekucheka-kumucheto:

1. Quantum Photonics:

Single-Photon Sources: Leveraging nonlinear down-conversion, LiNbO3 inogonesa entangled photon pair generation for quantum key distribution (QKD) systems.

Quantum Memory: Kubatanidzwa neEr³⁺-doped fibers inowana 30% kuchengetedza kunyatsoshanda pa1530 nm, yakakosha kune akareba quantum network.

2. Optoelectronic Systems:

High-Speed Modulators: X-cut LiNbO3 inobudirira 40 GHz bandwidth ine <1 dB kuisa kurasikirwa, kupfuura LiTaO3 mu400G optical transceivers.

Laser Frequency Doubling: Mg-doped LiNbO3 (6% threshold) inoderedza photorefractive kukuvara, ichigonesa kugadzikana 1064 nm → 532 nm kutendeuka muLiDAR systems.

3. Industrial Sensing:

High-Temperature Pressure Sensors: Inoshanda nguva dzose pa600 ° C, inosimudzira piezoelectric resonance yemafuta / gasi pombi yekutarisa.

Iyezvino Shanduko: Fe/Mg co-doping inosimudzira kunzwa (0.1% FS) mune smart grid application.

XKH Services & Solutions

Yedu LiNbO3 Ingot masevhisi akagadzirirwa scalability uye nemazvo:

1. Custom Fabrication:

Sarudzo Sarudzo: 3-8-inch ingots ine X/Y/Z-yakachekwa uye 42°Y-yakachekwa geometries, ±0.01° angular kushivirira.

Doping Control: Fe/Mg co-doping kuburikidza neCzochralski nzira(concentration range 10¹⁶–10¹⁹ cm⁻³) kukwirisa photorefractive kuramba.

2. Advanced Processing:

Heterogeneous Integration: Si-LN composite wafers (300–600 nm ukobvu) ine thermal conductivity inosvika 8.78 W/m·K ye high-frequency SAW filters .

Waveguide Fabrication: Proton exchange (PE) uye reverse proton exchange (RPE) maitiro anoburitsa submicron waveguides (Δn > 0.7) ye40 GHz electro-optic modulators.

3. Kuvimbiswa Kwemhando:

End-to-End Testing: Raman spectroscopy (polytype verification), XRD (crystallinity), uye AFM (surface morphology) inovimbisa kutevedzera MIL-PRF-4520J uye JEDEC-033.

Global Logistics: Kutakura-kunodzorwa nekutakura (± 0.5 ° C) uye 48-awa kuendesa kwechimbichimbi muAsia-Pacific, Europe, uye North America.

Makwikwi Zvakanakira

1. Kushanda Kwemari: 8-inch ingots inoderedza tsvina yezvinhu ne30% kana ichienzaniswa ne4-inch dzimwe nzira, kuderedza mari ye-unit ne18%.

2. Performance Metrics:

SAW Sefa Bandwidth: > 1.28 GHz (vs. 0.8 GHz yeLiTaO3), yakakosha kune 5G mmWave mabhendi .

Thermal Cycling: Inopona -200-500 ° C mitsetse ine <0.05% warpage, yakasimbiswa mumotokari LiDAR bvunzo.

1. Sustainability: Nzira dzekugadzirisa zvakare dzinoderedza kushandiswa kwemvura ne40% uye kushandiswa kwesimba ne25%.

Mhedziso

LiNbO3 Ingot inoramba iri zvinhu zvesarudzo kune inotevera-chizvarwa optoelectronics, ichibatanidza isingaenzaniswi electro-optic performance neindasitiri-giredhi kuvimbika. Kubva kuquantum computing kusvika ku6G kutaurirana, kuita kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana uye scalability inoisa iyo seyakakosha inogonesa tekinoroji yeramangwana. Batanidza nesu kukwidziridza kucheka-kumucheto doping, kuremara kudzikisira, uye heterogeneous yekubatanidza mhinduro dzakagadzirirwa kune zvaunoda application.