Nei Zvidimbu zveSiC Zvakachena Zvakanyanya Kukosha kune Magetsi Emagetsi Echizvarwa Chinotevera

1. Kubva kuSilicon kuenda kuSilicon Carbide: Kuchinja kweParadigm muSimba reMagetsi

Kwemakore anopfuura makumi mashanu, silicon yave iri musimboti wemagetsi emagetsi. Zvisinei, sezvo mota dzemagetsi, masisitimu esimba rinodzokororwa, nzvimbo dzedata dzeAI, uye mapuratifomu emuchadenga zvichisundira kune voltage yakakwira, tembiricha yakakwira, uye huwandu hwesimba rakawanda, silicon iri kusvika pamiganhu yayo yemuviri.

Silicon carbide (SiC), semiconductor ine bandgap yakakura ine bandgap ye ~3.26 eV (4H-SiC), yave mhinduro yepamusoro pezvinhu kwete senzira yekugadzirisa nhanho yedunhu. Asi, mukana wechokwadi wekushanda kweSiC haungoonekwi chete nechinhu chacho, asi nekuchena kwechinhu chacho.SiC waferpamidziyo yakavakirwa.

Mumagetsi emagetsi echizvarwa chinotevera, mawafer eSiC akachena zvakanyanya haasi emhando yepamusoro—anokosha.

2. Zvinoreva "Kuchena Kwakanyanya" muSiC Wafers

Kana tichitarisa maSiC wafers, kuchena kunopfuura kuumbwa kwemakemikari. Ipfungwa yezvinhu zvine mativi akawanda, zvinosanganisira:

• Kuwanda kwedopant kusingatarisirwi kwakanyanya

• Kudziviswa kwetsvina yesimbi (Fe, Ni, V, Ti)

• Kudzora zvikanganiso zvepfungwa (nzvimbo dzisina vanhu, nzvimbo dzinorwisa mafambiro echinhu)

• Kuderedzwa kwezvikanganiso zvekristarografiya yakawedzerwa

Kunyangwe tsvina inongotevera padanho rezvikamu-pa-bhiriyoni (ppb) inogona kuunza simba rakadzika mugomba, ichishanda senzira dzekutakura kana nzira dzekubuda kwemvura. Kusiyana nesilicon, uko kushivirira kusachena kunokanganwira zvishoma, gomba rakafara reSiC rinowedzera simba remagetsi rechinhu chega chega chisina kunaka.

3. Kuchena Kwakanyanya uye Fizikisi yeKushanda Kwemagetsi Akawanda

Chinhu chikuru chinobatsira michina yeSiC ndechekuti inogona kuchengetedza magetsi akawandisa—anosvika kagumi kupfuura silicon. Kugona uku kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekugoverwa kwemagetsi kwakafanana, izvo zvinodawo:

• Kuramba kwakafanana zvakanyanya

• Hupenyu hwekutakura hwakagadzikana uye hunofanotaurwa

• Kuwanda kwemusungo wakadzika

Kusachena kunokanganisa kuenzana uku. Kunokanganisa nzvimbo yemagetsi, zvichikonzera:

• Kuparara nguva isati yakwana

• Kuwedzera kwekubuda kwemvura

• Kuvimbika kwemagetsi ekuvharira kwakaderedzwa

Mumidziyo ine voltage yakakwira zvakanyanya (≥1200 V, ≥1700 V), kutadza kwemuchina kunowanzo konzerwa nekusachena kumwe chete, kwete nehunhu hwechinhu chacho.

4. Kugadzikana kwekupisa: Kuchena seSinki yekupisa isingaonekwe

SiC inozivikanwa nekugona kwayo kupisa kwakanyanya uye kugona kwayo kushanda pamusoro pe200°C. Zvisinei, tsvina inoshanda senzvimbo dzinoparadzira maponon, zvichideredza kutakurwa kwekupisa padanho re microscopic.

Mawafer eSiC akachena kwazvo anogonesa:

• Kupisa kwejoinho kwakaderera pahuwandu hwesimba hwakafanana

• Kuderedza njodzi yekupisa

• Nguva yakareba yekushandiswa kwemuchina uyu pasi pekumanikidzwa kwekupisa kwemhepo

Mukutaura kunoshanda, izvi zvinoreva masisitimu madiki ekutonhodza, mamodule emagetsi akareruka, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwesisitimu—zviyero zvakakosha mumagetsi emagetsi nemagetsi emuchadenga.

5. Kuchena Kwakanyanya uye Kubudirira Kwemidziyo: Kubudirira Kwemagadzirirwo Ezvinhu Zvakaipa

Sezvo kugadzirwa kweSiC kuchifambira mberi kusvika kumawafer ane 8-inch uye pakupedzisira 12-inch, defect density inokura zvisina kurongeka nenzvimbo yewafer. Muchirongwa ichi, kuchena kunova shanduko yehupfumi, kwete yehunyanzvi chete.

Mawafers akachena kwazvo anounza:

• Kufanana kwepamusoro kwe epitaxial layer

• Hunhu hweMOS interface hwakavandudzwa

• Goho remuchina pawafer imwe neimwe rakakwirira zvakanyanya

Kune vagadziri, izvi zvinoreva kuderedza mutengo paampere, zvichikurumidzisa kushandiswa kweSiC mumashandisirwo anonyanya kudhura akadai semacharger ari mundege nemainverters emaindasitiri.

6. Kugonesa Mafungu Anotevera: Kupfuura Zvishandiso Zvemagetsi Zvakajairika

Mawafer eSiC akachena zvakanyanya haasi chete akakosha kumaMOSFET neSchottky diodes emazuva ano. Ndiwo anobatsira pakugadzira magadzirirwo emangwana, anosanganisira:

• Ma circuit breakers anokurumidza zvikuru

• MaIC esimba repamusoro-soro enzvimbo dzedata dzeAI

• Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvakaoma-mwaranzi zvebasa remuchadenga

• Kubatanidzwa kwesimba nemabasa ekuona kwesimba pamwe chete

Mashandisirwo aya anoda fungidziro yakanyanya yezvinhu, uko kuchena kuri hwaro hwekuti fizikisi yemidziyo yepamusoro inogona kugadzirwa nenzira yakavimbika.

7. Mhedziso: Kuchena senzira yekuvandudza tekinoroji

Mumagetsi emagetsi echizvarwa chinotevera, kubudirira kwekushanda hakuchabvi zvakanyanya kubva mukugadzirwa kwedunhu kwakangwara. Kunobva padanho rakadzama—pachimiro chemaatomu chewafer pachayo.

Mawafer eSiC akachena kwazvo anoshandura silicon carbide kubva pachinhu chakanaka kuita puratifomu inokura, yakavimbika, uye inoshanda zvakanaka munyika ine magetsi. Sezvo mazinga emagetsi achiwedzera, saizi dzesystem dzichiderera, uye zvinangwa zvekushanda zvichiwedzera, kuchena kunova chinhu chinoratidza kubudirira.

Mupfungwa iyi, mawafer eSiC akachena kwazvo haasi zvinhu chete—iwo zvivakwa zvehurongwa hweramangwana remagetsi emagetsi.