Pfupiso Yakakwana yeMonocrystalline Silicon Growth Methods

Pfupiso Yakakwana yeMonocrystalline Silicon Growth Methods

1. Nhoroondo yeKubudirira kweMonocrystalline Silicon

Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kudiwa kuri kukura kwezvigadzirwa zve smart zvinoshanda zvakanyanya zvakasimbisa nzvimbo huru yeindasitiri ye integrated circuit (IC) mukusimudzira nyika. Sechikosha cheindasitiri yeIC, semiconductor monocrystalline silicon inoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji uye kukura kwehupfumi.

Sekureva kwedata kubva kuInternational Semiconductor Industry Association, musika wepasi rose we semiconductor wafers wakasvika pamutengo we $12.6 bhiriyoni, nekutengesa kuri kukura kusvika pamasekonzi 14.2 bhiriyoni. Uyezve, kudiwa kwema silicon wafers kuri kuramba kuchikwira zvishoma nezvishoma.

Zvisinei, indasitiri yepasi rose yesilicon wafer yakanyanya kuzara, nevatengesi vashanu vepamusoro vachitonga pamusoro pe85% yemugove wemusika, sezvakaratidzwa pazasi:

• Shin-Etsu Chemical (Japan)

• SUMCO (Japan)

• Mawafer epasi rose

• Siltronic (Germany)

• SK Siltron (South Korea)

Kuwanda kwemafuta aya kunoita kuti China ishandise zvakanyanya mawafers esilicon anogadzirwa nemonocrystalline, ayo ave chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinotadzisa kukura kweindasitiri yemagetsi inogadzirwa munyika.

Kuti tikunde matambudziko aripo pari zvino muchikamu chekugadzira chesilicon monocrystal che semiconductor, kuisa mari mukutsvaga nekuvandudza uye kusimbisa kugona kwekugadzira zvinhu zvemuno isarudzo isingadzivisiki.

2. Pfupiso yeMonocrystalline Silicon Material

Monocrystalline silicon ndiyo hwaro hweindasitiri yemagetsi yakabatana. Kusvika pari zvino, anopfuura 90% emaIC chips nemidziyo yemagetsi zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa monocrystalline silicon sechinhu chikuru. Kudiwa kwakapararira kwe monocrystalline silicon uye mashandisirwo ayo akasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvakati wandei:

1. Kuchengetedzeka uye Kuchengetedza Zvakatipoteredza: Silikoni yakawanda muganda rePasi, haina chepfu, uye haina njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza.

2. Kudzivirira Magetsi: Silicon inoratidza hunhu hwemagetsi hwekuputira, uye kana yapiswa, inoumba jira rinodzivirira resilicon dioxide, iro rinodzivirira kurasikirwa nechaji yemagetsi.

3. Tekinoroji Yekukura Kwevakuru: Nhoroondo refu yekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji mukukura kwesilicon yakaita kuti ive yakanakisa kupfuura zvimwe zvinhu zve semiconductor.

Zvinhu izvi pamwe chete zvinoita kuti monocrystalline silicon irambe iri pamberi muindasitiri, zvichiita kuti isatsiviwe nezvimwe zvinhu.

Panyaya yemagadzirirwo ekristaro, monocrystalline silicon chinhu chakagadzirwa nemaatomu esilicon akarongwa mujira renguva nenguva, zvichigadzira chimiro chinoenderera mberi. Ndiyo hwaro hweindasitiri yekugadzira machipisi.

Dhayagiramu inotevera inoratidza maitiro ese ekugadzirira monocrystalline silicon:

Pfupiso yeMaitiro:
Monocrystalline silicon inotorwa kubva musilicon ore kuburikidza nematanho akatevedzana ekunatswa. Kutanga, polycrystalline silicon inowanikwa, iyo inozokura kuita monocrystalline silicon ingot muchoto che crystal growth. Mushure mezvo, inochekwa, inokwenenzverwa, uye inogadziriswa kuita silicon wafers yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwemachipisi.

Zvidimbu zvesilicon zvinowanzo patsanurwa muzvikamu zviviri:giredhi re photovoltaicuyegiredhi re semiconductorMhando mbiri idzi dzinosiyana zvakanyanya muchimiro chadzo, kuchena kwadzo, uye kunaka kwenzvimbo yacho.

• Mawafer emhando ye semiconductordzine kuchena kwakanyanya kusvika ku99.999999999%, uye dzinodiwa zvakanyanya kuti dzive monocrystalline.

• Mawafer emhando ye photovoltaichazvina kuchena zvakanyanya, nemazinga ekuchena ari pakati pe99.99% kusvika 99.9999%, uye hazvina zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvemhando yekristaro.

Pamusoro pezvo, mawafer emhando ye semiconductor anoda kutsvedzerera kwepamusoro uye kuchena kupfuura mawafer emhando ye photovoltaic. Mitemo yepamusoro yemawafer emhando ye semiconductor inowedzera kuoma kwekugadzirira kwawo uye kukosha kwawo mukushandiswa.

Chati inotevera inoratidza kushanduka kwemhando dze semiconductor wafer, dzakawedzera kubva pama wafer ekutanga e4-inch (100mm) uye 6-inch (150mm) kusvika kuma wafer emazuva ano e8-inch (200mm) uye 12-inch (300mm).

Mukugadzirwa kwesilicon monocrystal chaiyo, saizi yewafer inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwekushandiswa uye mutengo. Semuenzaniso, machipisi ekurangarira anowanzo shandisa mawafer e12-inch, nepo michina yemagetsi inowanzo shandisa mawafer e8-inch.

Muchidimbu, kushanduka kwehukuru hwewafer kunokonzerwa nemutemo waMoore pamwe nezvinhu zvehupfumi. Hukuru hwewafer hunoita kuti nzvimbo yesilicon ishandiswe zvakanyanya ikure pasi pemamiriro akafanana ekugadzirisa, zvichideredza mari yekugadzira ukuwo zvichideredza marara kubva kumicheto yewafer.

Sezvinhu zvakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano, ma semiconductor silicon wafers, kuburikidza nemaitiro chaiwo akadai se photolithography uye ion implantation, anogonesa kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana yemagetsi, kusanganisira ma rectifiers ane simba guru, ma transistors, ma bipolar junction transistors, uye switching devices. Midziyo iyi inoita basa guru muminda yakaita se artificial intelligence, 5G communications, automotive electronics, Internet of Things, uye aerospace, zvichiumba musimboti wekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hwenyika uye kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji.

3. Tekinoroji yekukura kweMonocrystalline Silicon

IyoNzira yeCzochralski (CZ)inzira inoshanda yekuburitsa zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zve monocrystalline kubva mukunyunguduka. Yakakurudzirwa naJan Czochralski muna 1917, nzira iyi inozivikanwawo seKudhonza Kwekristaronzira.

Parizvino, nzira yeCZ inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zve semiconductor. Zvichienderana nenhamba dzisina kukwana, inenge 98% yezvinhu zvemagetsi zvinogadzirwa ne monocrystalline silicon, uye 85% yezvinhu izvi zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa nzira yeCZ.

Nzira yeCZ inodiwa nekuda kwemhando yayo yakanaka yekristaro, saizi yayo inodzoreka, kukurumidza kukura, uye kugona kwayo kugadzira zvinhu zvakanaka. Hunhu uhwu hunoita kuti CZ monocrystalline silicon ive chinhu chinodiwa kuti ikwanise kugutsa zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvakakura muindasitiri yemagetsi.

Nheyo yekukura kweCZ monocrystalline silicon ndeiyi inotevera:

Maitiro eCZ anoda tembiricha yakakwira, vacuum, uye nzvimbo yakavharwa. Midziyo yakakosha yemaitiro aya ichoto chekukura kwekristaro, izvo zvinoita kuti mamiriro aya ave nyore.

Dhayagiramu inotevera inoratidza chimiro chechoto chekukura kwekristaro.

Mukuita kweCZ, silicon yakachena inoiswa muchikamu chinonyungudika, chakanyungudika, uye kristaro yembeu inopinzwa musilicon yakanyungudika. Nekudzora nemazvo maparamita akadai sekupisa, kudhonza, uye kumhanya kwekutenderera kwecrucible, maatomu kana mamorekuru ari pakati pekristaro yembeu nesilicon yakanyungudika zvinoramba zvichirongazve, zvichisimba sezvo sisitimu ichitonhora uye pakupedzisira zvichigadzira kristaro imwe chete.

Iyi nzira yekukura kwekristaro inogadzira monocrystalline silicon yemhando yepamusoro, ine dhayamita hombe ine magadzirirwo chaiwo ekristaro.

Maitiro ekukura anosanganisira matanho akati wandei akakosha, anosanganisira:

1. Kupwanya uye Kurodha: Kubvisa kristaro uye kuchenesa zvakakwana choto nezvinhu zvirimo kubva muzvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvakaita se quartz, graphite, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvisina kuchena.

2. Kubvisa Mvura Uye Kunyungudutsa: Sisitimu yacho inobviswa ichienda kunzvimbo isina chinhu, zvichiteverwa nekuiswa kwegasi reargon uye kupisa kwesilicon charge.

3. Kudhonza Kwekristaro: Kristaro yembeu inodzikiswa musilicon yakanyungudutswa, uye tembiricha yeinterface inodzorwa nokungwarira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti crystallization yakakodzera.

4. Kudzora Mafudzi uye Dhayamita: Sezvo kristaro ichikura, dhayamita yayo inotariswa nokungwarira uye inogadziriswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekukura kwakafanana.

5. Kuguma kweKukura uye Kudzimwa kweVira: Kana saizi yekristaro yaunoda yasvika, choto chinodzimwa, uye kristaro inobviswa.

Matanho akadzama ekuita izvi anovimbisa kugadzirwa kwemamonocrystal emhando yepamusoro, asina zvikanganiso akakodzera kugadzirwa kwemasemiconductor.

4. Matambudziko mukugadzirwa kweMonocrystalline Silicon

Chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru pakugadzira mamonocrystals emhando yepamusoro ane dhayamita yakakura ndechekukunda matambudziko ehunyanzvi panguva yekukura, kunyanya pakufanotaura nekudzora zvikanganiso zvekristaro:

1. Hunhu hweMonocrystal husingaenderane uye goho rakaderera: Sezvo saizi yesilicon monocrystals ichiwedzera, kuoma kwenzvimbo yekukura kunowedzera, zvichiita kuti zviome kudzora zvinhu zvakaita semhepo inopisa, kuyerera, uye magineti. Izvi zvinoita kuti basa rekuwana mhando yakanaka uye goho rakawanda riome.

2. Maitiro Ekutonga Asina Kugadzikana: Maitiro ekukura kwe semiconductor silicon monocrystals akaomarara zvikuru, ane minda yakawanda yemuviri ichidyidzana, zvichiita kuti kunyatsogadzirisa kutonga kusagadzikane uye zvichikonzera goho shoma rezvigadzirwa. Maitiro ekutonga aripo anonyanya kutarisa pahukuru hwekristaro, nepo mhando ichiri kugadziriswa zvichibva paruzivo rwemaoko, zvichiita kuti zviome kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira micro ne nano muma IC chips.

Kuti tigadzirise matambudziko aya, kuumbwa kwenzira dzekutarisa uye kufanotaura mhando yekristaro dzinoitwa panguva chaiyo, online, kunodiwa nekukurumidza, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekudzora kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwakasimba uye kwemhando yepamusoro kwemamonocrystals makuru ekushandisa mumasekete akabatanidzwa.