Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvakaita sema smartphones uye smartwatches zvave shamwari dzinokosha. Midziyo iyi iri kuramba ichive mitete asi ine simba. Wakambozvibvunza here kuti chii chinogonesa kushanduka kwavo kunoramba kuripo? Mhinduro iri mune semiconductor zvinhu, uye nhasi, isu tinotarisa pane imwe yakanakisa pakati pavo-safire crystal.
Sapphire crystal, inonyanya kuumbwa α-Al₂O₃, ine maatomu matatu eokisijeni uye maviri aruminiyamu maatomu akabatanidzwa zvine hushamwari, achigadzira hexagonal lattice chimiro. Kunyange ichiita segem-giredhi yesafire pakuonekwa, maindasitiri esafire makristasi anosimbisa kuita kwepamusoro. Kemikari inert, haina kunyungudika mumvura uye inopesana neasidhi uye alkalis, ichiita se "chemical shield" inochengetedza kugadzikana munzvimbo dzakaoma. Pamusoro pezvo, inoratidzira yakanakisa optical transparency, ichibvumira kufambiswa kwechiedza kwakanyatso; yakasimba thermal conductivity, kudzivirira overheating; uye yakasarudzika magetsi ekudzivirira, kuve nechokwadi chekufambisa kwemasaini kwakagadzikana pasina kuvuza. Mechanical, safire inozvirumbidza nekuoma kweMohs ye9, yechipiri chete kune diamond, ichiita kuti ive yakanyanya kupfeka- uye inodzivirira kuvhuvhuta-yakanakira kukumbira zvikumbiro.
Iyo Chakavanzika Weapon muChip Manufacturing
(1) Chinyorwa Chinokosha cheChip-Power Chips
Sezvo zvemagetsi maitiro akananga kuminiaturization uye kushanda kwakanyanya, yakaderera-simba machipisi ave akakosha. Machipisi echinyakare anotambura nekushomeka kwekudzivirira pahukobvu hwenanoscale, zvichitungamira mukudonha kwazvino, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemagetsi, uye kupisa, izvo zvinokanganisa kugadzikana uye hupenyu.
Vatsvakurudzi veShanghai Institute of Microsystem uye Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, vakagadzira zvigadzirwa zvesapphire dielectric wafers vachishandisa simbi-intercalated oxidation tekinoroji, kushandura single-crystal aluminium kuita single-crystal alumina (sapphire). Pa 1 nm ukobvu, chinhu ichi chinoratidza ultra-low leakage ikozvino, kupfuura yakajairwa amorphous dielectrics nemirairo miviri yehukuru mukuderedza density yenyika uye kuvandudza chimiro chechimiro ne2D semiconductors. Kubatanidza izvi ne2D zvinhu zvinogonesa yakaderera-simba machipisi, zvakanyanya kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri muma smartphones uye kuwedzera kugadzikana muAI neIoT maapplication.
(2) Mubatsiri Akakwana weGallium Nitride (GaN)
Mumunda wesemiconductor, gallium nitride (GaN) yabuda senyeredzi inopenya nekuda kwemabhenefiti ayo akasiyana. Seyakafara-bandgap semiconductor material ine bandgap ye3.4 eV—yakanyanya kukura kudarika silicon’s 1.1 eV—GaN inokunda mukupisa kwepamusoro-soro, kukwirisa-voltage, uye kushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro. Kufamba kwayo kwerekitironi yakakwira uye kusimba kwakasimba kwemunda kunoita kuti ive chinhu chakakodzera chepamusoro-simba, tembiricha yepamusoro, yakakwirira-frequency, uye kupenya kwemagetsi zvigadzirwa. Mumagetsi emagetsi, maGaN-based devices anoshanda pamatunhu akakwirira ane mashoma ekushandisa simba, achipa kuita kwepamusoro mukushandurwa kwesimba uye kutonga kwesimba. Muma microwave communications, GaN inogonesa high-power, high-frequency components se 5G power amplifiers, inosimudzira masignal transmission quality uye kugadzikana.
Sapphire crystal inonzi "yakakwana shamwari" yeGaN. Kunyange zvazvo latisi yaro isina kufanana neGaN yakakwirira kudarika iyo yesilicon carbide (SiC), mafiritsi esafire anoratidza kuderera kwekupisa kwekupisa panguva yeGaN epitaxy, ichipa hwaro hwakasimba hwekukura kweGaN. Pamusoro pezvo, sapphire yakanakisa yekupisa yekupisa uye kujeka kwemaziso kunogonesa kupisa kupisa mumagetsi emagetsi eGaN, kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kwekushanda uye kunyatsobuda kwechiedza. Yayo yepamusoro yemagetsi ekudzivirira zvivakwa inowedzera kuderedza kukanganiswa kwechiratidzo uye kurasikirwa kwesimba. Kusanganiswa kwesafire neGaN kwakaita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro, kusanganisira GaN-based LEDs, iyo inotonga misika yekuvhenekera uye kuratidza-kubva kudzimba dze LED bulbs kusvika kune makuru ekunze skrini-pamwe chete ne laser diodes inoshandiswa mu optical communications uye precision laser processing.
XKH's GaN-on-sapphire wafer
Kuwedzera Miganho yeSemiconductor Application
(1) Iyo "Shield" muMasoja uye Aerospace Applications
Zvishandiso mumauto uye zvemuchadenga application zvinowanzoshanda pasi pemamiriro akanyanya. Muchadenga, zvitundumuseremusere zvinotsungirira tembiricha iri pedyo-ye-zero, kusimba kwemwaranzi yepasi, uye matambudziko enzvimbo isina chinhu. Zvichakadaro, ndege dzemauto dzinotarisana nekupisa kwepasi kunodarika 1,000 ° C nekuda kwekudziya kweaerodynamic panguva yekubhururuka kwekumhanya, pamwe chete nemichina yakakwira uye kukanganiswa kwemagetsi.
Sapphire crystal yakasarudzika zvivakwa inoita kuti ive chinhu chakanakira zvinhu zvakakosha muminda iyi. Kusarudzika kwayo kwepamusoro-tembiricha kuramba-inomira kusvika ku2,045 ° C ichiri kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwechimiro-inovimbisa kuita kwakavimbika pasi pekunetseka kwekupisa. Kuomarara kwayo kwemwaranzi kunochengetedzawo kushanda munzvimbo dzemucosmic nenyukireya, ichidzivirira zvine mutsindo magetsi. Unhu uhwu hwakakonzera kushandiswa kwakapararira kwesafire mumahwindo e-high-temperature infrared (IR). Mune missile kutungamira masisitimu, IR windows inofanirwa kuchengetedza kujeka kwemaziso pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye velocity kuti ive nechokwadi chekuonekwa kwechinangwa. Sapphire-based IR mahwindo anosanganisa kugadzikana kwekupisa kwepamusoro nepamusoro IR transmittance, zvakanyanya kunatsiridza gwara chairo. Mumuchadenga, safire inodzivirira setiraiti optical masisitimu, ichigonesa kufungidzira kwakajeka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara.
XKH'smahwindo esafire
(2) The New Foundation for Superconductors uye Microelectronics
Mune superconductivity, safiro inoshanda sechinhu chakakosha chepamusoro-soro chemafirimu matete, ayo anogonesa zero-resistance conduction-kuchinja kufambiswa kwemagetsi, zvitima zvemaglev, uye masisitimu eMRI. High-performance superconducting films inoda substrates ine yakagadzika lattice zvimiro, uye kuenderana kwesafire nezvinhu zvakaita semagnesium diboride (MgB₂) inobvumira kukura kwemafirimu ane yakawedzera kukosha kwazvino density uye yakakosha magineti. Semuyenzaniso, tambo dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa mafirimu anotsigirwa nesafire-superconducting zvinoshamisa anovandudza kutapurirana zvakanaka nekuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba.
Mune microelectronics, sapphire substrates ine chaiyo crystallographic orientations-senge R-ndege (<1-102>) uye A-ndege (<11-20>)-inogonesa yakagadzirirwa silicon epitaxial layers for advanced integrated circuits (ICs). R-ndege safiro inoderedza kukanganisa kwekristaro mu-high-speed ICs, inowedzera kukurumidza kushanda uye kugadzikana, nepo A-ndege sapphire's insulating properties uye yunifomu mvumo inogadzirisa hybrid microelectronics uye yakakwirira-tembiricha superconductor kubatanidzwa. Aya ma substrates anotsikirira machipisi epamusoro-inoshanda komputa uye nharembozha.
XKH'sAlN-pa-NPSS Wafer
Ramangwana reSapphire Crystal muSemiconductors
Safire yakatoratidza kukosha kukuru kune semiconductors, kubva pakugadzira chip kusvika kune aerospace uye superconductors. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, basa rayo rinowedzera kuwedzera. Muhungwaru hwekugadzira, safiri-inotsigirwa yakaderera-simba, yepamusoro-inoshanda machipisi inofambisa kufambira mberi kweAI muhutano, zvekufambisa, uye mari. Mu quantum computing, zvinhu zvesafire zvinozviisa semumiriri anovimbisa wekubatanidza qubit. Zvichakadaro, GaN-on-sapphire zvishandiso zvinosangana nekuwedzera kuri kuda kwe5G/6G yekutaurirana Hardware. Kufambira mberi, safiri icharamba iri dombo repakona rekuvandudza semiconductor, ichisimbisa kufambira mberi kwevanhu kwetekinoroji.
XKH's GaN-on-sapphire epitaxial wafer
XKH inopa yakanyatso-engineered sapphire optical windows uye GaN-on-sapphire wafer mhinduro dzekucheka-kumucheto maapplication. Tichiwedzera kukura kwekristaro uye nanoscale polishing tekinoroji, tinopa ekupedzisira-flat mahwindo esafire ane yakasarudzika kutapurirana kubva kuUV kuenda kuIR spectra, yakanakira aerospace, kudzivirira, uye yakakwirira-simba laser masisitimu.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-18-2025