Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvakaita semafoni nemawachi emazuva ano zvava shamwari dzinokosha. Zvishandiso izvi zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera kutetepa asi zvichiwedzera kuva nesimba. Wakambozvibvunza here kuti chii chinoita kuti zvirambe zvichishanduka? Mhinduro iri muzvinhu zve semiconductor, uye nhasi, tinotarisa pane chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha pakati pazvo—sapphire crystal.
Kiristaro yesafira, inoumbwa zvakanyanya neα-Al₂O₃, ine maatomu matatu eokisijeni uye maatomu maviri ealuminium akabatana pamwe chete, zvichigadzira chimiro chehexagonal lattice. Kunyange zvazvo ichitaridzika sesafira yemhando yepamusoro, makristaro esafira eindasitiri anosimbisa kushanda kwepamusoro. Kana isina makemikari, hainyungudike mumvura uye haipindi acids nealkalis, inoshanda se "chemical shield" inochengetedza kugadzikana munzvimbo dzakaoma. Pamusoro pezvo, inoratidza kujeka kwakanaka kwemaziso, ichibvumira kutakurwa kwechiedza zvinobudirira; kufambisa kwakasimba kwekupisa, kudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya; uye kudzivirira kwemagetsi kwakanaka, ichivimbisa kutakurwa kwechiratidzo kwakasimba pasina kubuda kwemvura. Panyaya yemichina, safiraro ine kuomarara kweMohs kwe9, yechipiri kune dhaimani, zvichiita kuti irambe yakasakara uye isingasviki - yakakodzera kushandiswa kwakaoma.
Chombo Chakavanzika Mukugadzira Machipisi
(1) Zvinhu Zvinokosha zveMachipisi Asina Simba Rakawanda
Sezvo midziyo yemagetsi yava kuda kuita kuti michina ive midiki uye inoshanda zvakanaka, machipisi ane simba shoma ave akakosha. Machipisi echinyakare anotambura nekuora kwekudzivirira kupisa pahukobvu hwe nanoscale, zvichikonzera kubuda kwemvura, kushandiswa kwesimba zvakanyanya, uye kupisa zvakanyanya, izvo zvinokanganisa kugadzikana uye hupenyu hwese.
Vatsvaguriri veShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, vakagadzira mawafer ekugadzira e-dielectric e-sapphire vachishandisa tekinoroji yesimbi-intercalated oxidation, vachishandura single-crystal aluminum kuita single-crystal alumina (sapphire). Paukobvu hwe1 nm, chinhu ichi chinoratidza kudonha kwemvura kwakanyanya, zvichipfuura ma-dielectrics echinyakare amorphous nematanho maviri ehukuru mukuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwemamiriro ezvinhu uye kuvandudza kunaka kweinterface ne2D semiconductors. Kubatanidza izvi nezvinhu zve2D kunogonesa machipisi ane simba shoma, zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri mumafoni uye zvichiwedzera kugadzikana muzvishandiso zveAI neIoT.
(2) Mubatsiri Akakwana weGallium Nitride (GaN)
Muchikamu che semiconductor, gallium nitride (GaN) yakabuda senyeredzi inopenya nekuda kwezvakanaka zvayo zvakasiyana. Sechinhu che semiconductor chine bandgap yakakura ye3.4 eV—yakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura 1.1 eV yesilicon—GaN inobudirira mukushandiswa kwekupisa kwakanyanya, voltage yakawanda, uye frequency yakakwirira. Kufamba kwayo kwemaerekitironi akawanda uye simba rayo rekupwanya simba remunda rinoita kuti ive chinhu chakanakira zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvine simba guru, kupisa kwakanyanya, frequency yakawanda, uye kupenya kwakanyanya. Mumagetsi emagetsi, zvishandiso zveGaN zvinoshanda pamafrequencies akakwira nekushandiswa kwesimba shoma, zvichipa kushanda kwakanaka mukushandura simba uye manejimendi esimba. Mukutaurirana kwema microwave, GaN inogonesa zvikamu zvine simba guru, frequency yakawanda senge 5G power amplifiers, zvichivandudza kunaka kwekutumira masaini uye kugadzikana.
Kristaro yesafire inoonekwa se "mubatsiri akakodzera" weGaN. Kunyangwe kusawirirana kwayo neGaN kwakanyanya kupfuura kwesilicon carbide (SiC), substrates dzesafire dzinoratidza kusawirirana kushoma kwekupisa panguva yeGaN epitaxy, zvichipa hwaro hwakasimba hwekukura kweGaN. Pamusoro pezvo, kufambisa kwakanaka kwekupisa kwesafire uye kujeka kwemaziso kunoita kuti kupisa kuparare zvakanaka mumidziyo yeGaN ine simba guru, zvichiita kuti kushanda kwayo kugadzikane uye kushanda zvakanaka kwechiedza. Hunhu hwayo hwepamusoro hwekuvharira magetsi hunoderedza kupindirana kwemasaini uye kurasikirwa nesimba. Kubatanidzwa kwesafire neGaN kwakatungamira mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo inoshanda zvakanyanya, kusanganisira maLED akavakirwa paGaN, ayo anotonga misika yemwenje nekuratidzira - kubva kuma LED epamba kusvika kuma screen makuru ekunze - pamwe nema laser diodes anoshandiswa mukutaurirana kwemaziso uye kugadzirisa laser nemazvo.
Wafer yeXKH yeGaN-on-sapphire
Kuwedzera Miganhu yeZvikumbiro zveSemiconductor
(1) "Nhoo" muZvikumbiro zveMasoja neNdege
Midziyo inoshandiswa mumauto nemundege inowanzo shanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Muchadenga, zvitundumuseremusere zvinotsungirira tembiricha dzinenge dzisina kukwana, mwaranzi yemuchadenga yakanyanya, uye matambudziko enzvimbo isina chinhu. Ndege dzemauto, panguva imwe chete, dzinotarisana netembiricha yepamusoro inodarika 1,000°C nekuda kwekupisa kwemhepo panguva yekubhururuka nekukurumidza, pamwe chete nemidziyo yakawanda yemagetsi uye kukanganiswa kwemagetsi.
Hunhu hwakasiyana hwekristaro yesafira hunoita kuti ive chinhu chakanakira zvinhu zvakakosha muminda iyi. Kudzivirira kwayo kupisa kwakanyanya—inogona kumira kusvika 2,045°C uku ichichengetedza chimiro chayo—inoita kuti ishande zvakanaka pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya. Kuoma kwayo nemwaranzi kunochengetedzawo mashandiro munzvimbo dzepasi nedzenyukireya, zvichidzivirira zvinobudirira magetsi anonzwa. Hunhu uhwu hwakaita kuti safira ishandiswe zvakanyanya mumahwindo einfrared (IR) ane kupisa kwakanyanya. Mumasisitimu ekutungamira zvombo, mahwindo eIR anofanira kuchengetedza kujeka kwemaziso pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumhanya kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti chinangwa chaonekwa nemazvo. Mahwindo eIR ane safira anobatanidza kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwekupisa nekufambisa kweIR kwakanyanya, zvichivandudza zvikuru kururamisa kwekutungamira. Mundege, safira inodzivirira masisitimu ekuona esatellite, zvichiita kuti mifananidzo ionekwe zvakajeka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekutenderera.
XKH'smahwindo echiedza esafiri
(2) Nheyo Itsva yeSuperconductors neMicroelectronics
Mukushandisa simba guru, safaya inoshanda sechinhu chakakosha pakugadzira mafirimu matete, izvo zvinoita kuti kufambisa simba kurege kuramba zvachose—kuchinja simba rekufambisa, maglev trains, uye MRI systems. Mafirimu ekushandisa simba guru rekufambisa anoda zvinhu zvine lattice structures dzakagadzikana, uye kushandira pamwe kwesafaya nezvinhu zvakaita semagnesium diboride (MgB₂) kunobvumira kukura kwemafirimu ane simba guru remagetsi uye simba guru remagineti. Semuenzaniso, tambo dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa mafirimu ekushandisa safaya dzinotsigira simba guru dzinovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekutumira simba nekuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba.
Muma microelectronics, ma substrates esapphire ane ma crystallographic orientation chaiwo—akadai seR-plane (<1-102>) uye A-plane (<11-20>)—anogonesa ma silicon epitaxial layers akagadziriswa e advanced integrated circuits (ICs). R-plane Sapphire inoderedza zvikanganiso zve crystal mu high-speed ICs, zvichiwedzera kumhanya kwekushanda uye kugadzikana, nepo A-plane sapphire's insulating properties uye uniform permittivity zvichivandudza hybrid microelectronics uye high-temperature superconductor integration. Ma substrates aya anotsigira ma core chips mu high-performance computing uye telecommunication infrastructure.
XKH'sAlN-on-NPSS Wafer
Remangwana reSapphire Crystal muSemiconductors
Safira yakatoratidza kukosha kukuru muma semiconductors, kubva pakugadzira machip kusvika kuma aerospace nema superconductors. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, basa rayo richawedzera kukura. Muhungwaru hwekugadzira, machip ane simba shoma anotsigirwa nesafira achatungamira kufambira mberi kweAI muhutano, kutakura, uye mari. Mu quantum computing, hunhu hwesafira hunoiisa semumiriri ane tariro yekubatanidzwa kwequbit. Panguva iyi, zvishandiso zveGaN-on-safira zvichasangana nezvinodiwa zviri kuwedzera zve 5G/6G communication hardware. Kuenderera mberi, safira icharamba iri dombo guru mukuvandudza kwema semiconductor, ichisimudzira kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwevanhu.
Wafer yeXKH inonzi GaN-on-sapphire epitaxial wafer
XKH inopa mahwindo esapphire optical akagadzirwa nemazvo uye mhinduro dzeGaN-on-sapphire wafer dzekushandisa pamhando yepamusoro. Tichishandisa tekinoroji yekukura kwekristaro uye nanoscale polishing, tinopa mahwindo esapphire akapfava ane transmission yakanaka kubva kuUV kuenda kuIR spectra, akakodzera masystem emuchadenga, ekudzivirira, uye e-laser ane simba guru.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-18-2025