Zvinhu zveThin-film lithium tantalate (LTOI) zviri kubuda sesimba idzva guru mumunda we integrated optics. Gore rino, mabasa akawanda epamusoro-soro pama LTOI modulators akabudiswa, nema LTOI wafers emhando yepamusoro akapihwa naProfessor Xin Ou kubva kuShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, uye maitiro ekugadzira waveguide emhando yepamusoro akagadzirwa neboka raProfessor Kippenberg kuEPFL, Switzerland. Kushanda kwavo pamwe chete kwakaratidza mhedzisiro inoshamisa. Pamusoro pezvo, mapoka ekutsvagisa kubva kuZhejiang University anotungamirwa naProfessor Liu Liu neHarvard University inotungamirwa naProfessor Loncar vakataurawo nezve LTOI modulators dzinomhanya zvakanyanya uye dzakagadzikana.
Semunhu wepedyo ne thin-film lithium niobate (LNOI), LTOI inoramba iine high-speed modulation uye ine low-loss hunhu hwe lithium niobate ukuwo ichipawo zvakanakira zvakaita semutengo wakaderera, birefringence yakaderera, uye mhedzisiro yakaderera ye photorefractive. Kuenzanisa hunhu hukuru hwezvinhu zviviri izvi kunoratidzwa pazasi.
◆ Kufanana kuripo pakati peLithium Tantalate (LTOI) neLithium Niobate (LNOI)
①Index yeRefractive:2.12 vs 2.21
Izvi zvinoreva kuti saizi dzema waveguide emode imwe chete, dhayamita yekukotama, uye saizi dzemidziyo isingashande yakajairika zvichibva pazvinhu zvese zvakafanana, uye mashandiro azvo ekubatanidza fiber akafananawo. Nekuchekwa kwakanaka kwewaveguide, zvinhu zvese zvinogona kuwana kurasikirwa kwekuisa<0.1 dB/cm. EPFL inoshuma kurasikirwa kwewaveguide ye5.6 dB/m.
②Chiyero cheElectro-optic:30.5 pm/V vs 30.9 pm/V
Kushanda zvakanaka kwemodulation kwakafanana nezvinhu zvese zviri zviviri, nemodulation zvichibva paPockels effect, zvichibvumira bandwidth yakakwira. Parizvino, LTOI modulators inokwanisa kuwana 400G per lane performance, nebandwidth inodarika 110 GHz.
③Mukana wekutamba:3.93 eV vs 3.78 eV
Zvinhu zvose zviri zviviri zvine hwindo rakafara rakajeka, rinotsigira mashandisirwo kubva pama wavelength anooneka kusvika kune infrared, pasina kupinza mumabhandi ekutaurirana.
④Koefficient Yechipiri Yekusarudzwa Kwechipiri (d33):21 pm/V vs 27 pm/V
Kana ikashandiswa pakushandisa zvisiri zvemutsara zvakaita sekugadzira kwechipiri kweharmonic (SHG), kugadzira musiyano-frequency (DFG), kana kugadzira sum-frequency (SFG), mashandiro ekushandura ezvinhu zviviri izvi anofanira kunge akafanana.
◆ Mutengo Wakanakira weLTOI vs LNOI
①Mutengo wekugadzirira weWafer wakaderera
LNOI inoda kuiswa kwemaion eHe kuti iparadzanise layer, iyo ine ionization efficiency shoma. Kusiyana neizvi, LTOI inoshandisa kuiswa kwemaion eH kuti iparadzanise, zvakafanana neSOI, ine delamination efficiency yakapetwa kagumi kupfuura LNOI. Izvi zvinoguma nemusiyano mukuru wemitengo yemawafers e6-inch: $300 vs. $2000, kudzikiswa kwemutengo ne85%.
②Yatove kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumusika wemagetsi evatengi emafirita eacoustic(750,000 mayuniti pagore, anoshandiswa neSamsung, Apple, Sony, nezvimwewo).
◆ Mabhenefiti ekushanda kweLTOI vs LNOI
①Zvikanganiso Zvishoma Zvezvinhu, Mhedzisiro Isina Simba Yekudzora Mufananidzo, Kugadzikana Kwakawanda
Pakutanga, maLNOI modulators aiwanzoratidza bias point drift, kunyanya nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwechaji kunokonzerwa nekukanganisika pa waveguide interface. Kana zvikasagadziriswa, zvishandiso izvi zvinogona kutora kusvika zuva kuti zvigadzikane. Zvisinei, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakagadzirwa kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, dzakadai sekushandisa metal oxide cladding, substrate polarization, uye annealing, zvichiita kuti dambudziko iri rigone kugadziriswa zvakanyanya ikozvino.
Kusiyana neizvi, LTOI haina zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvezvinhu, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwakanyanya kwezviitiko zvekudonha. Kunyangwe pasina kugadziriswa kwekuwedzera, nzvimbo yayo yekushanda inoramba yakagadzikana. Mhedzisiro yakafanana yakashumwa neEPFL, Harvard, neZhejiang University. Zvisinei, kuenzanisa kunowanzo shandisa ma modulators eLNOI asina kurapwa, izvo zvingave zvisina kururama zvachose; nekugadzirisa, mashandiro ezvinhu zvese zviri zviviri angangofanana. Musiyano mukuru uri muLTOI inoda matanho mashoma ekugadzirisa.
②Kureba kweBirefringence: 0.004 vs 0.07
Kuwanda kwe birefringence ye lithium niobate (LNOI) kunogona kunetsa dzimwe nguva, kunyanya sezvo ma waveguide bends achigona kukonzera mode coupling uye mode hybridization. Mu LNOI tete, ma waveguide bend anogona kushandura zvishoma TE light kuita TM light, zvichiita kuti kugadzirwa kwezvimwe zvishandiso zvisingashande, zvakaita sema filters kuve kwakaoma.
NeLTOI, birefringence yakaderera inobvisa dambudziko iri, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira michina inoshanda zvakanyanya. EPFL yakataurawo nezvemhedzisiro inooneka, ichishandisa birefringence yakaderera yeLTOI uye kusavapo kwemode-crossing kuti iwane ultra-wide-spectrum electro-optic frequency comb generation ine flat dispersion control mu wide spectral range. Izvi zvakaguma ne450 nm comb bandwidth inoshamisa ine mitsetse yecomb inodarika 2000, yakakura kakawanda kupfuura inogona kuwanikwa ne lithium niobate. Zvichienzaniswa neKerr optical frequency combs, electro-optic combs inopa mukana wekuva isina threshold uye yakagadzikana, kunyangwe ichida high-power microwave input.
③Muganho weKukuvadzwa Kwemaziso Akakwirira
Muganho wekukuvara kwemaziso weLTOI wakapetwa kaviri pane weLNOI, zvichipa mukana mukushandiswa kusiri kwemutsara (uye mune ramangwana zvinogona kunge zviri Coherent Perfect Absorption (CPO) applications). Masimba emagetsi e optical module aripo pari zvino haawanzo kuvadza lithium niobate.
④Mhedzisiro yeRaman Yakaderera
Izvi zvine chekuitawo nekushandiswa kusiri kwemutsara. Lithium niobate ine simba reRaman effect, iyo mukushandiswa kweKerr optical frequency comb inogona kutungamira mukuumbwa kwechiedza cheRaman chisingadiwe uye kuwana makwikwi, ichidzivirira x-cut lithium niobate optical frequency combs kuti isasvike pamamiriro e soliton. NeLTOI, Raman effect inogona kudziviswa kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwekristaro, zvichibvumira x-cut LTOI kuwana soliton optical frequency comb generation. Izvi zvinogonesa kubatanidzwa kwemonolithic kwe soliton optical frequency combs nema high-speed modulators, chinhu chisingagoneke neLNOI.
◆ Sei Thin-Film Lithium Tantalate (LTOI) Isina Kutaurwa Kare?
Lithium tantalate ine tembiricha yakaderera yeCurie pane lithium niobate (610°C vs. 1157°C). Pamberi pekugadzirwa kwetekinoroji yeheterointegration (XOI), ma modulators e lithium niobate aigadzirwa achishandisa titanium diffusion, iyo inoda annealing pamusoro pe1000°C, zvichiita kuti LTOI isakodzere. Zvisinei, nekuchinja kwaita nhasi kushandisa ma insulator substrates uye waveguide etching pakugadzira modulator, tembiricha ye610°C Curie yakakwana.
◆ Ko Thin-Film Lithium Tantalate (LTOI) ichatsiva Thin-Film Lithium Niobate (TFLN) here?
Zvichibva pakutsvagurudza kuri kuitwa, LTOI inopa zvakanakira mukuita kwepasipo, kugadzikana, uye mutengo wekugadzira wakakura, pasina zvinonetsa zviri pachena. Zvisinei, LTOI haipfuure lithium niobate mukuita kwemodulation, uye matambudziko ekugadzikana neLNOI ane mhinduro dzinozivikanwa. Kune ma DR modules ekutaurirana, pane kudiwa kudiki kwezvikamu zvisingashande (uye silicon nitride inogona kushandiswa kana zvichidikanwa). Pamusoro pezvo, mari itsva inodiwa kuti pavezve maitiro ekucheka wewafer-level, matekiniki eheterointegration, uye kuyedzwa kwekuvimbika (kuoma kwekugadzira lithium niobate kwaisava waveguide asi kuwana high-yield wafer-level etching). Saka, kuti ikwikwidzane nenzvimbo yakasimbiswa ye lithium niobate, LTOI ingangoda kuwana zvimwe zvakanakira. Zvisinei, mune zvedzidzo, LTOI inopa mukana wakakura wekutsvagisa kune masisitimu akabatanidzwa e-chip, akadai se octave-spanning electro-optic combs, PPLT, soliton neAWG wavelength division devices, uye array modulators.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-08-2024