Magadzirirwo ekristaro uye kurongeka kwekristaro pfungwa mbiri huru mukristaro, dzine hukama hwakasimba nechimiro chekristaro mu silicon-based integrated circuit technology.
1. Tsananguro uye Hunhu hweKutungamira kweKristaro
Kurongeka kwekristaro kunomiririra gwara rakati mukati mekristaro, rinowanzo ratidzwa nezviratidzo zvekurongeka kwekristaro. Kurongeka kwekristaro kunotsanangurwa nekubatanidza chero mapoinzi maviri elattice mukati mechimiro chekristaro, uye kune hunhu hunotevera: kurongeka kwekristaro kwega kwega kune mapoinzi elattice asingaperi; kurongeka kwekristaro kumwe chete kunogona kuve nematanho akawanda akafanana ekristaro anoumba mhuri yekurongeka kwekristaro; mhuri yekurongeka kwekristaro inofukidza mapoinzi ese elattice mukati mekristaro.
Kukosha kwekunanga kwekristaro kuri mukuratidza kurongeka kweatomu mukati mekristaro. Semuenzaniso, kunanga kwekristaro [111] kunomiririra divi rakati apo projection ratios ye three coordinate axes iri 1:1:1.
2. Tsanangudzo uye Hunhu hweMapuraneti eCrystal
Ndege yekristaro ipurani yeatomu iri mukati mekristaro, inomiririrwa nezviratidzo zvepurani yekristaro (Miller indices). Semuenzaniso, (111) inoratidza kuti kudzokororwa kwezvikamu zvepurani yekristaro pamakona ekuwirirana kuri muchiyero che1:1:1. Plani yekristaro ine hunhu hunotevera: purani yega yega yekristaro ine nhamba isingaperi yenzvimbo dzelattice; purani yega yega yekristaro ine nhamba isingaperi yepurani dzakafanana dzinoumba mhuri yepurani yekristaro; mhuri yepurani yekristaro inofukidza kristalo yese.
Kuongororwa kweMiller indices kunosanganisira kutora ma interception e crystal plane pa coordinate axis yega yega, kutsvaga ma reciprocals avo, uye kuashandura kuita small integer ratio. Semuenzaniso, crystal plane (111) ine interception pa x, y, uye z axes mu ratio ye 1:1:1.
3. Hukama Huripo Pakati Pemapuraneti Ekristaro Nekutungamirirwa Kwekristaro
Magadzirirwo ekristaro uye kurongeka kwekristaro inzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzekutsanangura chimiro chekristaro. Kurongeka kwekristaro zvinoreva kurongeka kwemaatomu munzira yakatarwa, nepo giristaro inoreva kurongeka kwemaatomu pane imwe nhanho. Aya maviri ane hukama hwakati, asi anomiririra pfungwa dzakasiyana dzemuviri.
Hukama Hukuru: Vector yakajairika yendege yekristaro (kureva, vector yakatarisana nendege iyoyo) inoenderana nekutarisa kwekristaro. Semuenzaniso, vector yakajairika yendege yekristaro (111) inoenderana nekutarisa kwekristaro [111], zvichireva kuti kurongeka kweatomu munzira ye[111] kwakatarisana nendege iyoyo.
Mumaitiro e semiconductor, kusarudzwa kwe crystal planes kunokanganisa zvikuru mashandiro emudziyo. Semuenzaniso, mu silicon-based semiconductors, crystal planes dzinowanzoshandiswa i (100) uye (111) planes nekuti dzine marongero akasiyana eatomu uye nzira dzekubatanidza munzira dzakasiyana. Hunhu hwakadai sekufamba kwema electron nesimba repamusoro hunosiyana pa crystal planes dzakasiyana, zvichikanganisa mashandiro uye kukura kwemidziyo ye semiconductor.
4. Mashandisirwo Anoshanda muMaitiro eSemiconductor
Mukugadzira semiconductor yakagadzirwa nesilicon, kurongeka kwekristaro uye mapuraneti ekristaro zvinoshandiswa muzvinhu zvakawanda:
Kukura kweKristaro: Makristaro eSemiconductor anowanzo kurimwa zvichienderana nekwakatariswa kwekristaro. Makristaro eSilicon anowanzo kukura zvichienderana nekwatariswa kwe[100] kana [111] nekuti kugadzikana uye kurongeka kwemaatomu mukwatariswa uku kwakanakira kukura kwekristaro.
Maitiro Ekucheka: Mukunyorova, mapurani akasiyana ekristaro ane mwero wekucheka wakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mwero wekucheka pamapurani e (100) uye (111) esilicon unosiyana, zvichikonzera mhedzisiro yekucheka kweanisotropic.
Hunhu hweMudziyo: Kufamba kwemaerekitironi mumidziyo yeMOSFET kunokanganiswa ne crystal plane. Kazhinji, kufamba kwacho kwakakwira pane (100), ndosaka maMOSFET emazuva ano akavakirwa pasilicon achishandisa mawafers (100).
Muchidimbu, mapurani ekristaro nekutarisa kwekristaro inzira mbiri huru dzekutsanangura chimiro chemakristaro mukristaro. Kutarisa kwekristaro kunomiririra hunhu hwekutungamira mukati mekristaro, nepo mapurani ekristaro achitsanangura mapurani chaiwo mukati mekristaro. Pfungwa idzi mbiri dzakabatana zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwema semiconductor. Kusarudzwa kwemapurani ekristaro kunokanganisa zvakananga hunhu hwezvinhu zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari, nepo kutarisa kwekristaro kuchikanganisa kukura kwekristaro uye matekiniki ekugadzirisa. Kunzwisisa hukama huripo pakati pemapurani ekristaro nekutarisa kwakakosha pakuvandudza maitiro e semiconductor uye kuvandudza mashandiro emudziyo.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-08-2024