Makristasi esafire anokura kubva pakakwirira-kuchena alumina poda nekuchena kwe> 99.995%, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo huru inodiwa yealumina yakakwirira-kuchena. Vanoratidza simba repamusoro, kuoma kwepamusoro, uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari zvivakwa, zvichiita kuti vashande munzvimbo dzakaoma senge tembiricha yepamusoro, ngura, uye kukanganisa. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudzivirira kwenyika, tekinoroji yevagari vemo, microelectronics, uye mamwe minda.
Kubva pakakwirira-kuchena alumina poda kusvika kune makristasi esafire
1. Mashandisirwo Akakosha eSapphire
Muchikamu chekudzivirira, makristasi esafire anonyanya kushandiswa kune missile infrared windows. Hondo yemazuva ano inoda kurongeka kwakanyanya mumakomba, uye iyo infrared optical hwindo chinhu chakakosha kuita ichi chinodiwa. Tichifunga kuti zvombo zvinokandwa zvinosangana nekupisa kwakanyanya kweaerodynamic panguva yekubhururuka kukuru, pamwe nenzvimbo dzakakasharara dzekurwisa, radome inofanirwa kunge iine simba rakanyanya, kupikisa, uye kugona kutsungirira kukurwa nejecha, kunaya, uye mamwe mamiriro ekunze akashata. Makristasi eSapphire, ane mwenje wakanakisa wekufambisa, hukuru hwemagetsi zvivakwa, uye yakagadzikana makemikari maitiro, ave chinhu chakanakira missile infrared windows.
LED substrates inomiririra kushandiswa kukuru kwesafire. Mwenje we LED unoonekwa seyechitatu shanduko mushure memwenje wefluorescent uye unoponesa simba. Nheyo ye LEDs inosanganisira kushandura simba remagetsi kuita simba rechiedza. Kana ikozvino ichipfuura nepakati semiconductor, maburi uye maerekitironi zvinosangana, zvichiburitsa simba rakawandisa muchimiro chechiedza, pakupedzisira richiburitsa kuvhenekera. LED chip tekinoroji yakavakirwa pane epitaxial wafers, uko gasi zvinhu zvinoiswa zvakaturikidzana ne layer pane substrate. Iyo huru substrate zvinhu zvinosanganisira silicon substrates, silicon carbide substrates, uye nesafire substrates. Pakati peaya, mapfunde esafire anopa mabhenefiti akakosha pamusoro pemamwe maviri, anosanganisira kugadzikana kwechigadzirwa, tekinoroji yekugadzirira yakakura, kusatora kwechiedza chinooneka, kutapurirana kwemwenje kwakanaka, uye mutengo uri pakati nepakati. Data inoratidza kuti 80% yemakambani epasi rose eLED anoshandisa safire sechinhu chavo che substrate.
Pamusoro pezvishandiso zvambotaurwa, makristasi esafire anoshandiswawo munharembozha masikirini, midziyo yekurapa, kushongedzwa kwezvishongo, uye semidziyo yemahwindo yezviridzwa zvakasiyana zvesainzi zvekuona semalenzi nemaprisms.
2. Kukura Kwemusika uye Zvinotarisirwa
Inotungamirwa nerutsigiro rwepolicy uye nekuwedzera kwekushandisa machipisi e LED machipisi, kudiwa kwemasafire substrates uye saizi yavo yemusika inotarisirwa kuwana kaviri-manhamba kukura. Pakazosvika 2025, huwandu hwekutakura hwesafire substrates hunofungidzirwa kusvika mamirioni zana (yakashandurwa kuita 4-inch substrates), inomiririra kuwedzera kwe63% kana ichienzaniswa ne2021, ine huwandu hwekukura kwepagore (CAGR) ye13% kubva 2021 kusvika 2025. 108% kuwedzera kana ichienzaniswa ne2021, ine CAGR ye20% kubva 2021 kusvika 2025. Se "precursor" kune substrates, saizi yemusika uye maitiro ekukura kwemakristasi esafire ari pachena.
3. Kugadzirira kweSapphire Crystals
Kubva 1891, apo nyanzvi yekemesitiri yekuFrance Verneuil A. akagadzira nzira yekubatanidza murazvo kugadzira makristasi ematombo ekutanga kekutanga, kudzidza kwekukura kwekristaro yesafire kwakatora makore anopfuura zana. Munguva ino, kufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji kwafambisa tsvakiridzo yakakura muhunyanzvi hwekukura hwesafire kuti isangane nezvido zvemaindasitiri zvemhando yepamusoro yekristaro, mitengo yekushandiswa yakavandudzwa, uye kuderedzwa kwemitengo yekugadzira. Nzira itsva dzakasiyana uye matekinoroji akabuda ekukura makristasi esafire, senge nzira yeCzochralski, nzira yeKyropoulos, nzira-inotsanangurwa firimu-inodyiswa kukura (EFG) nzira, uye nzira yekutsinhana kupisa (HEM).
3.1 Nzira yeCzochralski Yekurisa Makristasi eSapphire
Nzira yeCzochralski, yakatangwa naCzochralski J. muna 1918, inozivikanwawo seCzochralski technique (yakapfupikiswa seCz method). Muna 1964, Poladino AE neRotter BD vakatanga kushandisa nzira iyi kurima makristasi esafire. Kusvika iye zvino, yakagadzira nhamba yakawanda yepamusoro-soro makristasi esafire. Nheyo iyi inosanganisira kunyungudusa zvinhu zvakasvibirira kuti zvinyunguduke, wozonyika mhodzi imwe yekristaro munzvimbo yakanyunguduka. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwetembiricha pane solid-liquid interface, supercooling inoitika, zvichiita kuti kunyunguduka kuome pamusoro pemhodzi uye kutanga kukura kristaro imwechete ine chimiro chekristaro chakafanana nembeu. Mbeu inodhonzwa mudenga zvishoma nezvishoma ichitenderera pane imwe sipidhi. Sezvo mhodzi inodhonzwa, kunyunguduka kunowedzera kusimba pachimiro, kuumba kristaro imwe chete. Iyi nzira, iyo inosanganisira kudhonza kristaro kubva mukunyunguduka, ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakajairika dzekugadzira makristasi emhando yepamusoro.
Zvakanakira nzira yeCzochralski zvinosanganisira: (1) kukurumidza kukurumidza kukura, zvichiita kuti kugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro yemakristasi imwe munguva pfupi; (2) makristasi anokura panzvimbo yakanyunguduka pasina kusangana nemadziro ecrucible, zvinobudirira kuderedza kushushikana kwemukati uye kuvandudza kristaro mhando. Zvisinei, kukanganisa kukuru kweiyi nzira ndiko kuoma kwekukura makristasi makuru-diameter, zvichiita kuti isanyanya kukodzera kugadzira makristasi makuru.
3.2 Nzira yeKyropoulos Yekurisa Makristasi eSapphire
Nzira yeKyropoulos, yakagadzirwa naKyropoulos muna 1926 (yakapfupikiswa senzira yeKY), inogovera zvakafanana nenzira yeCzochralski. Inosanganisira kunyudza kristaro yembeu munzvimbo yakanyunguduka uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuikwevera kumusoro kuti iite mutsipa. Kana iyo chiyero chekuomarara payakanyungudika-mbeu interface yadzikama, mhodzi haichadhonzwa kana kutenderedzwa. Pane kudaro, chiyero chekutonhodza chinodzorwa kuti chibvumire kristaro imwe chete kusimba zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kumusoro ichidzika, pakupedzisira ichigadzira kristaro imwe chete.
Iyo Kyropoulos process inogadzira makristasi ane emhando yepamusoro, yakaderera density, yakakura, uye yakanaka inodhura-inoshanda.
3.3 Edge-Defined Film-Fed Kukura (EFG) Nzira Yekukura Makristasi eSapphire
Iyo EFG nzira ndeyekuumbwa kwekristaro kukura tekinoroji. Nheyo yayo inosanganisira kuisa yakakwira-yakanyungudika-inonyungudika kuita mold. Iyo yakanyunguduka inokweverwa kumusoro kwechiumbwa kuburikidza necapillary chiito, uko inobata mhodzi yekristaro. Sezvo mbeu inodhonzwa uye kunyunguduka kunowedzera, kristaro imwe chete inoumba. Saizi uye chimiro chemupendero we mold inodzikamisa zviyero zvekristaro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyi nzira ine zvimwe zvinogumira uye inonyanya kukodzera kune akaumbwa makristasi esafire senge machubhu uye U-akaumbwa profiles.
3.4 Heat Exchange Method (HEM) Yekurima Makristasi eSapphire
Nzira yekutsinhanisa kupisa kwekugadzira makristasi makuru esafire yakagadzirwa naFred Schmid naDennis muna 1967. Iyo HEM system inoratidzira yakanakisa kupisa kwemafuta, kutonga kwakazvimirira kwetembiricha gradient mukunyunguduka uye kristaro, uye yakanaka controllability. Iyo inogadzira nyore nyore makristasi esafire ane yakaderera dislocation uye yakakura.
Zvakanakira nzira yeHEM zvinosanganisira kusavapo kwekufamba mucrucible, crystal, uye heater panguva yekukura, kubvisa zviito zvekudhonza zvakadai sezviri muKyropoulos uye Czochralski nzira. Izvi zvinoderedza kupindira kwevanhu uye kudzivirira kukanganisa kwekristaro kunokonzerwa nemagetsi ekufamba. Pamusoro pezvo, mwero wekutonhodza unogona kudzorwa kudzikisa kushushikana kwekupisa uye zvichikonzera kuparuka kwekristaro uye kukanganisa kukanganisa. Iyi nzira inogonesa kukura kwemakristasi akakura, iri nyore kushanda, uye inobata tarisiro yebudiriro inovimbisa.
Kushandisa hunyanzvi hwakadzama mukukura kwekristaro yesafire uye kunyatsogadziriswa, XKH inopa yekupedzisira-kusvika-kumagumo tsika safire wafer mhinduro dzakagadzirirwa kudzivirira, LED, uye optoelectronics application. Pamusoro pesafire, tinopa huwandu hwakazara hwemhando yepamusoro-yekuita semiconductor zvinhu zvinosanganisira silicon carbide (SiC) mawafers, silicon wafers, SiC ceramic components, uye quartz zvigadzirwa. Isu tinoona yakasarudzika mhando, kuvimbika, uye tsigiro yehunyanzvi pane zvese zvigadzirwa, kubatsira vatengi kuwana budiriro yekushanda mumaindasitiri epamberi uye ekutsvagisa zvikumbiro.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-29-2025