Makristaro esafire anorimwa kubva kuhupfu hwealumina hwakachena hwakanyanya hune kuchena kwe >99.995%, zvichiita kuti ave nzvimbo inonyanya kudiwa yealumina yakachena zvikuru. Anoratidza simba guru, kuomarara kwakanyanya, uye hunhu hwakagadzikana hwemakemikari, zvichivabvumira kushanda munzvimbo dzakaoma dzakadai sekupisa kwakanyanya, ngura, uye kukanganiswa. Anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudzivirira nyika, tekinoroji yevanhuwo zvavo, michina yemagetsi, nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Kubva pahupfu hwealumina hwakachena kwazvo kusvika kumakristaro esafiri
1Mashandisirwo Akakosha eSapphire
Muchikamu chekudzivirira, makristaro esapphire anonyanya kushandiswa pamahwindo einfrared ezvombo. Hondo dzemazuva ano dzinoda kunyatsojeka mumabhomba, uye hwindo reinfrared optical chinhu chakakosha kuti zvikwanisike kuita izvi. Tichifunga kuti mabhomba anosangana nekupisa kwakanyanya uye kurovera panguva yekubhururuka nekukurumidza, pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzakaoma dzehondo, radome inofanira kunge ine simba guru, kuramba kurovera, uye kugona kutsungirira kukurwa kubva mujecha, mvura, uye mamwe mamiriro ekunze akaoma. Makristaro esapphire, ane chiedza chakawanda, hunhu hwepamusoro hwemakanika, uye hunhu hwakagadzikana hwemakemikari, ave chinhu chakanakira mahwindo einfrared ezvombo.
Zvishandiso zve LED zvinomirira kushandiswa kukuru kwesafire. Mwenje we LED unoonekwa sekuchinja kwechitatu mushure memwenje we fluorescent uye unochengetedza simba. Nheyo ye LED inosanganisira kushandura simba remagetsi kuita simba rechiedza. Kana magetsi achipfuura nemu semiconductor, maburi nemaerekitironi zvinobatana, zvichiburitsa simba rakawandisa muchimiro chechiedza, zvichizopedzisira zvaburitsa kupenya. Tekinoroji ye LED chip yakavakirwa pa epitaxial wafers, uko zvinhu zvegasi zvinoiswa layer ne layer pane substrate. Zvinhu zvikuru zve substrate zvinosanganisira silicon substrates, silicon carbide substrates, uye safire substrates. Pakati peizvi, zvishandiso zve safire zvinopa mabhenefiti makuru kupfuura zvimwe zviviri, zvinosanganisira kugadzikana kwemidziyo, tekinoroji yekugadzirira yakakura, kusatora chiedza chinoonekwa, kufambiswa kwechiedza kwakanaka, uye mutengo uri pakati nepakati. Data rinoratidza kuti 80% yemakambani e LED epasi rose anoshandisa safire sezvinhu zvavo zve substrate.
Pamusoro pemashandisirwo ataurwa pamusoro apa, makristaro esapphire anoshandiswawo mumasikirini efoni, zvishandiso zvekurapa, kushongedza zvishongo, uye sezvinhu zvemahwindo zvekushandisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvesainzi semalenzi nemaprism.
2. Kukura kweMusika uye Tarisiro
Zvichitungamirirwa nerutsigiro rwemitemo uye kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemachipisi e LED, kudiwa kwema substrates esapphire nehukuru hwawo hwemusika zvinotarisirwa kuwana kukura kwemanhamba maviri. Pakazosvika 2025, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotumirwa zvesapphire hunofungidzirwa kusvika zvidimbu mamiriyoni zana nematatu (zvakashandurwa kuita substrates dze 4-inch), zvichimiririra kuwedzera kwe63% zvichienzaniswa na2021, ne compound annual growth rate (CAGR) ye13% kubva 2021 kusvika 2025. Hukuru hwemusika hwezvinhu zvinogadzirwa nesapphire hunotarisirwa kusvika ¥8 bhiriyoni panosvika 2025, kuwedzera kwe108% zvichienzaniswa na2021, neCAGR ye20% kubva 2021 kusvika 2025. Se "chinotangira" kune zvinhu zvinogadzirwa, hukuru hwemusika uye mafambiro ekukura kwemakristaro esapphire zviri pachena.
3. Kugadzirira kweSapphire Crystals
Kubva muna 1891, apo nyanzvi yemakemikari yekuFrance Verneuil A. yakagadzira nzira yekubatanidza flame kuti igadzire makristaro ematombo ekugadzira kekutanga, kudzidza kwekukura kwekristaro yesafire kwagara kwemakore anopfuura zana. Munguva iyi, kufambira mberi mune zvesainzi netekinoroji kwakatungamira kutsvagurudza kwakakura muhunyanzvi hwekukura kwesafire kuti kugutse zvinodiwa nemaindasitiri zvemhando yepamusoro yekristaro, kuwedzera kwekushandiswa, uye kudzikiswa kwemitengo yekugadzira. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana netekinoroji dzakabuda dzekurima makristaro esafire, dzakadai seCzochralski method, Kyropoulos method, edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG), uye heat exchange method (HEM).
3.1 Nzira yeCzochralski yekurima makristaro eSapphire
Nzira yeCzochralski, yakatangwa naCzochralski J. muna 1918, inozivikanwawo senzira yeCzochralski (yakapfupikiswa senzira yeCz). Muna 1964, Poladino AE naRotter BD vakatanga kushandisa nzira iyi kukura makristaro esapphire. Kusvika pari zvino, yakagadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwemakristaro esapphire emhando yepamusoro. Nheyo iyi inosanganisira kunyungudutsa zvinhu zvakabikwa kuti zviite kunyunguduka, wobva wanyika mbeu imwe chete yekristaro pamusoro pekunyunguduka. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwekupisa panzvimbo ine solid-liquid, supercooling inoitika, zvichiita kuti kunyunguduka kuome pamusoro pembeu uye kutanga kukura kristaro imwe chete ine chimiro chakafanana nembeu. Mbeu inodhonzwa zvishoma nezvishoma ichikwira kumusoro ichitenderera nekumhanya kwakati. Mbeu painodhonzwa, kunyunguduka kunowedzera kuomarara panzvimbo yacho, zvichigadzira kristaro imwe chete. Nzira iyi, inosanganisira kudhonza kristaro kubva pakunyunguduka, ndeimwe yenzira dzakajairika dzekugadzirira makristaro emhando yepamusoro.
Zvakanakira nzira yeCzochralski zvinosanganisira: (1) kukurumidza kukura, zvichiita kuti kugadzirwa kwemakristaro emhando yepamusoro munguva pfupi; (2) makristaro anokura pamusoro pemvura inonyunguduka asingabatani nemadziro emoto, zvichideredza kushushikana kwemukati uye kuvandudza kunaka kwemakristaro. Zvisinei, dambudziko guru renzira iyi nderekuoma kwekukura makristaro makuru, zvichiita kuti asakodzere kugadzira makristaro makuru.
3.2 Nzira yeKyropoulos yekurima makristaro eSapphire
Nzira yeKyropoulos, yakagadzirwa naKyropoulos muna 1926 (yakapfupikiswa senzira yeKY), yakafanana nenzira yeCzochralski. Inosanganisira kunyudza kristaro yembeu pamusoro pekunyunguduka uye kuidhonza zvishoma nezvishoma kumusoro kuti igadzire mutsipa. Kana mwero wekusimba panzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwembeu wagadzikana, mbeu haichadhonzwa kana kutenderedzwa. Pane kudaro, mwero wekutonhora unodzorwa kuti kristaro imwe chete iome zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kumusoro ichidzika, pakupedzisira ichigadzira kristaro imwe chete.
Maitiro eKyropoulos anogadzira makristaro ane mhando yepamusoro, ane hurema hushoma, akakura, uye anoshanda zvakanaka pamutengo.
3.3 Nzira yekukura kwemashizha (EFG) yakatsanangurwa muEdge-Defined Film-Fed Growth (Edge-Defined Film-Fed Growth) yekurima makristaro eSapphire
Nzira yeEFG inzira yekukura kwekristaro yakaumbwa. Musimboti wayo unosanganisira kuisa chinhu chinonyunguduka chinonyunguduka muchimiro. Chinhu chinonyunguduka chinokweverwa pamusoro pechinhu kuburikidza nekuita kwecapillary, uko chinobata kristaro yembeu. Mbeu painodhonzwa uye chinhu chinonyunguduka chinooma, kristaro imwe chete inoumbwa. Saizi uye chimiro chemupendero wechinhu chinonyunguduka zvinoganhurira saizi yekristaro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nzira iyi ine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi uye inonyanya kukodzera makristaro esapphire akaumbwa akadai semachubhu uye maprofiles eU-shaped.
3.4 Nzira yekuchinjana kupisa (HEM) yekukura makristaro eSapphire
Nzira yekuchinjana kupisa yekugadzira makristaro makuru esapphire yakagadzirwa naFred Schmid naDennis muna 1967. HEM system ine insulation yakanaka yekupisa, kudzora tembiricha yakazvimiririra mukunyunguduka nekristaro, uye kugona kudzora zvakanaka. Inogadzira makristaro esapphire zviri nyore ane dislocation shoma uye akakura.
Zvakanakira zveHEM nzira zvinosanganisira kusafamba kwechinhu chinopfurwa, kristaro, uye hita panguva yekukura, zvichibvisa zviito zvekudhonza zvakaita sezviri muKyropoulos neCzochralski nzira. Izvi zvinoderedza kupindira kwevanhu uye zvinodzivirira zvikanganiso zvekristaro zvinokonzerwa nekufamba kwemuchina. Pamusoro pezvo, mwero wekutonhora unogona kudzorwa kuderedza kushushikana kwekupisa uye zvikanganiso zvinokonzeresa kupwanyika kwekristaro uye kupatsanuka. Nzira iyi inogonesa kukura kwemakristaro makuru, iri nyore kushandisa, uye ine tarisiro yekukura inovimbisa.
Tichishandisa hunyanzvi hwakadzama mukukura kwekristaro yesafire uye kugadzirisa nemazvo, XKH inopa mhinduro dzesafire wafer dzakagadzirirwa kudzivirira, LED, uye mashandisirwo e optoelectronics. Pamusoro pesafire, tinopa mhando dzese dzezvinhu zve semiconductor zvinoshanda zvakanyanya zvinosanganisira silicon carbide (SiC) wafers, silicon wafers, SiC ceramic components, uye zvigadzirwa zve quartz. Tinovimbisa hunhu hwakanaka, kuvimbika, uye rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi pazvinhu zvese, zvichibatsira vatengi kuwana mashandiro akanaka mumabasa eindasitiri nekutsvaga.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-29-2025