Safira, "nyeredzi yepamusoro" yemhuri yeCorundum, akafanana nejaya rakacheneswa rakapfeka "sutu yebhuruu yakadzika". Asi mushure mekusangana naye kakawanda, uchaona kuti wadhiropu yake haisi "yebhuruu" chete, kana kungoti "bhuruu yakadzika". Kubva ku "blue flower" kusvika ku "royal blue", rudzi rumwe nerumwe rwebhuruu runopenya. Kana uchifunga kuti bhuruu rinofinha zvishoma, Richakuratidza girini, grey, yero, orenji, pepuru, pink uye brown zvakare.
Safaya yemavara akasiyana
Safaya
Kuumbwa kwemakemikari: Al₂O₃ \ nRuvara: Kuchinja kweruvara rwesafire kunokonzerwa nekutsiviwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana mukati me lattice yayo. Kusanganisira mavara ese emhuri ye corundum kunze kwe ruby. Kuoma: Kuoma kweMohs kuri 9, kuri kwechipiri kune dhaimani. Kuwanda: 3.95-4.1 gramu pa cubic centimeter \ nBirefractive index: 0.008-0.010 \ nKupenya: Kunopenya kusvika ku semi-transparent, vitreous luster kusvika sub-diamond luster. Special optical effect: Mamwe ma safire ane nyeredzi effect. Kureva kuti, mushure mekucheka nekukuya kwakaita se arc, zvinhu zvidiki zviri mukati (senge rutile) zvinoratidza chiedza, zvichiita kuti pamusoro pedombo guru paratidze nyeredzi nhanhatu.
Sapphire yeStarlight ine mabara matanhatu
Nzvimbo huru dzekugadzira
Nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzekugadzira michero dzinosanganisira Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Australia, India nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeAfrica.
Maruva eSafira anobva kwakasiyana ane hunhu hwakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, maruva eSafira anogadzirwa muMyanmar, Kashmir nedzimwe nzvimbo ane ruvara rwetitanium, zvichiratidza ruvara rwebhuruu rwakajeka, nepo anobva kuAustralia, Thailand neChina ane ruvara rwesimbi, zvichikonzera ruvara rwakasviba.
Kutanga kwedhipoziti
Kuumbwa kwesafire inzira yakaoma, inowanzo itika pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo e geology.
Chinokonzera kuchinja: Kana matombo ane magnesium yakawanda (senge marble) akasangana nemvura dzine titanium/iron yakawanda, corundum inoberekwa ichimanikidzwa ne6-12kbar pa700-900℃. "Velvet effect" inobatanidza Kashmir sapphire ndiyo chaiyo "chiratidzo" chenzvimbo iyi ine pressure yakakwira.
Magadzirirwo eMagmatic: Magma eBasaltic ane makristaro ecorundum anoputika pamusoro, oita nzvimbo dzakaita seMogu muMyanmar. Masafire pano anowanzo kuve ne rutiite inclusions, akarongwa mu "starlight".
Rutile ine chimiro chemuseve inowanikwa muMogok sapphire kubva kuMyanmar
Rudzi rwePegmatite: Maruva eSri Lanka anonzi placer sapphire ndiwo "nhaka" yekusagadzikana kwegranitic pegmatite.
Dombo reSri Lankan placer resafire
Kukosha uye Mashandisirwo
Mashandisirwo uye mashandisirwo esafiri anosanganisira zvishongo, sainzi, dzidzo uye hunyanzvi.
Kukosha kwematombo anokosha: Safira inorumbidzwa zvikuru nekuda kweruvara rwayo rwakanaka, kuomarara kwayo uye kugara kwenguva refu, uye inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira zvishongo zvepamusoro zvakaita semhete, mitsipa yemutsipa, mhete nezvishongo zvemaoko.
Maruva eruvara rwakasiyana uye ma chromic ions
Zvinoreva zvekufananidzira: Safira inomiririra kuvimbika, kugara kwenguva refu, mutsa uye kutendeseka, uye ibwe rekuzvarwa raGunyana nematsutso.
Mashandisirwo emaindasitiri: Kunze kwekushandiswa sedombo rinokosha, safaya inoshandiswawo mukugadzira magirazi ekristaro emawachi uye zvinhu zvemahwindo zvemidziyo yemaziso nekuda kwekuoma kwayo kwakanyanya uye kujeka kwayo.
Safaya yakagadzirwa
Safaya yakagadzirwa inogadzirwa murabhoritari, asi hunhu hwayo hwemakemikari, hwemaziso uye hwepanyama hwakafanana nehwezvicherwa zvechisikigo.
Nhoroondo yekugadzira / kugadzirisa safaya
Muna 1045, matombo anokosha e corundum akaiswa patembiricha ye 1100°C kubvisa ruvara rwebhuruu rwe rubies.
Muna 1902, corundum yekutanga yakagadzirwa neunyanzvi yakagadzirwa nenyanzvi yemakemikari yekuFrance Auguste Verneuil (1856-1913) vachishandisa nzira yekunyungudutsa murazvo muna 1902.
Muna 1975, geuda sapphire yekuSri Lanka yakapiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya (1500°C+) kuti iite bhuruu.
Muzhizha ra2003, GIA yakaburitsa chidzidzo chitsva chakakosha pamusoro pekupararira kweberyllium mumarubhi nemasafire.
Ko Korona inofarira zvikuru ma safaya here?
Korona yeAustria
Mapfupa acho akagadzirwa negoridhe uye akashongedzwa nemaparera, madhaimani nerubhi. Pakati pemusoro wekorona pane safaya inopenya zvikuru.
Mambokadzi Victoria Sapphire nekorona yedhaimani
Korona yacho yese yakagadzirwa negoridhe nesirivha, ine upamhi hwemasendimita 11.5. Yakaiswa nematombo esafiri gumi nerimwe akaita secushion uye akaita sekite uye yakashongedzwa nemadhaimani ekare akajeka akachekwa nemine. Ichi chaive chipo chakapihwa Mambokadzi naMambokadzi zuva risati rasvika muchato wake muna 1840.
Korona yeUmambo hweBritain
Korona iyi ine marubhi mashanu, safaya gumi nemanomwe, emerald gumi nerimwe, maparera mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe uye madhaimani zviuru zviviri nemakumi masere nemasere ane saizi dzakasiyana.
Safaya yaMambokadzi Maria weRussia yeTsarist
Muvezi wekuRussia Konstantin Makovsky akambopenda mufananidzo waMaria. Mumufananidzo uyu, Maria akapfeka zvipfeko zvakanaka kwazvo uye akapfeka sutu dzakazara dzemasafire. Pakati padzo, chishongo chiri pamberi pemutsipa wake ndicho chinokwezva maziso zvakanyanya, chine safire yakaorera inorema makarati 139.
Safira yakanaka kwazvo. Hazvigoneki kuva nayo. Mutengo unogona kusiyana zvikuru zvichienderana neruvara, kujeka, nzira yekucheka nayo, huremu hwayo, kwayakabva uye kana yakagadziriswa kana kuti kwete. Ndapota chenjererai pakutenga. Pamusoro pezvose, chiratidzo che "kuvimbika neuchenjeri". Usatsauswe ne "nyeredzi" iyoyo.
XKH's Zvinhu zvematombo zvesafire zvakagadzirwa neshinda:
Bhokisi rewachi reSapphire reXKH:
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-12-2025