Semiconductors inoshanda sedombo repakona rezera reruzivo, nechinhu chimwe nechimwe chinodzokororwa chinotsanangurazve miganhu yehunyanzvi hwevanhu. Kubva pachizvarwa chekutanga silicon-based semiconductors kusvika kune yanhasi yechina-chizvarwa Ultra-wide bandgap zvinhu, kusvetuka kwega kwega kwekushanduka kwakafambisa shanduko yekufambira mberi mukutaurirana, simba, uye komputa. Nekuongorora hunhu uye general transition logic yezvinhu zviripo semiconductor, tinogona kufanotaura mafambiro angangoita echizvarwa chechishanu semiconductors tichiongorora nzira dzeChina munhandare ino yemakwikwi.
I. Hunhu uye Evolutionary Logic yeMana Semiconductor Generations
Chekutanga-Chizvarwa Semiconductors: Iyo Silicon-Germanium Foundation Era
Hunhu: Elemental semiconductors sesilicon (Si) uye germanium (Ge) inopa kudhura-inoshanda uye makura magadzirirwo ekugadzira, asi achitambura kubva nhete mabhandi (Si: 1.12 eV; Ge: 0.67 eV), inodzikamisa voltage kushivirira uye yakakwirira-frequency kuita.
Zvishandiso: Maseketi akabatanidzwa, maseru ezuva, yakaderera-voltage / yakaderera-frequency zvishandiso.
Transition Driver: Kukura kudiwa kwepamusoro-frequency / yakakwirira-tembiricha kuita muoptoelectronics inodarika kugona kwesilicon.
Chechipiri-Chizvarwa Semiconductors: Iyo III-V Compound Revolution
Hunhu: III-V macompounds akaita segallium arsenide (GaAs) uye indium phosphide (InP) ane mabhendi akakura (GaAs: 1.42 eV) uye high electron mobility yeRF uye photonic applications.
Zvishandiso: 5G RF zvishandiso, laser diodes, satellite kutaurirana.
Zvinetso: Kushomeka kwezvinhu (indium kuwanda: 0.001%), zvinhu zvine chepfu (arsenic), uye mitengo yakakwira yekugadzira.
Transition Driver: Simba/simba mashandisirwo aidiwa zvinhu zvine high breakdown voltages.
Chechitatu-Generation Semiconductors: Wide Bandgap Energy Revolution
Hunhu: Silicon carbide (SiC) uye gallium nitride (GaN) inoburitsa mabhendi> 3eV (SiC: 3.2eV; GaN: 3.4eV), ine yepamusoro-soro yekupisa conductivity uye yakakwirira-frequency maitiro.
Zvishandiso: EV powertrains, PV inverters, 5G zvivakwa.
Zvakanakira: 50%+ simba rekuchengetedza uye 70% saizi kuderedza maringe nesilicon.
Shanduko Mutyairi: AI/quantum komputa inoda zvinhu zvine akanyanya kuita metrics.
Yechina-Chizvarwa Semiconductors: Ultra-Wide Bandgap Frontier
Hunhu: Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) nedhaimondi (C) inowana mabhendi anosvika 4.8eV, achibatanidza Ultra-low on-resistance nekV-class voltage tolerance.
Zvishandiso: Ultra-yakakwirira-voltage ICs, yakadzika-UV detectors, quantum kutaurirana.
Kubudirira: Ga₂O₃ zvishandiso zvinomira> 8kV, katatu SiC kugona.
Evolutionary Logic: Quantum-scale performance leaps inodiwa kukunda miganhu yemuviri.
I. Fifth-Generation Semiconductor Trends: Quantum Materials & 2D Architectures
Mavector anogona kusimudzira anosanganisira:
1. Topological Insulators: Surface conduction ine bulk insulation inogonesa zero-kurasikirwa kwemagetsi.
2. 2D Zvishandiso: Graphene/MoS₂ inopa THz-frequency mhinduro uye flexible electronics kuenderana.
3. Quantum Dots & Photonic Crystals: Bandgap engineering inogonesa optoelectronic-thermal integration.
4. Bio-Semiconductors: DNA / protein-based self-assembling zvinhu bhiriji biology uye zvemagetsi.
5. Key Drivers: AI, brain-computer interfaces, uye kamuri-tembiricha superconductivity zvinoda.
II. China's Semiconductor Mikana: Kubva Muteveri kuenda Kumutungamiriri
1. Technology Breakthroughs
• 3rd-Gen: Misa yekugadzirwa kwe8-inch SiC substrates; mota-giredhi SiC MOSFETs muBYD mota
• 4th-Gen: 8-inch Ga₂O₃ epitaxy budiriro neXUPT neCETC46
2. Policy Support
• 14th Five-Year Plan inokoshesa 3rd-gen semiconductors
• Provincial zana-bhiriyoni-yuan maindasitiri mari yakatangwa
• Milestones 6-8 inch GaN zvishandiso uye Ga₂O₃ transistors akanyorwa pakati pepamusoro-10 tech kufambira mberi muna 2024.
III. Matambudziko uye Strategic Solutions
1. Technical Bottlenecks
• Kukura kweCrystal: Goho rakaderera pamaboule makuru-dhayamita (semuenzaniso, Ga₂O₃ kutsemuka)
• Kuvimbika Mitemo: Kushaikwa kwezvibvumirano zvakasimbiswa zve-high-simba/high-frequency kuchembera bvunzo.
2. Supply Chain Gaps
• Equipment: <20% zvemukati zvemukati zveSiC crystal varimi
• Adoption: Kudzika kunonyanya kufarira kune zvakaunzwa kunze kwenyika
3. Strategic Pathways
• Kudyidzana kweIndasitiri-Academia: Yakagadzirwa mushure me“Third-Gen Semiconductor Alliance”
• Niche Focus: Isa pamberi pehuwandu hwekutaurirana / misika yemagetsi matsva
• Kuvandudza Matarenda: Gadzira "Chip Science & Engineering" mapurogiramu ezvidzidzo
Kubva pasilicon kusvika kuGa₂O₃, semiconductor evolution inorondedzera kukunda kwevanhu pamusoro pemiganhu yemuviri. Mukana weChina uri mukugona zvechina-gen zvinhu uku uchipayona yechishanu-gen innovation. Sokutaura kwakaita Academician Yang Deren: “Kuvandudza kwechokwadi kunoda kuumba nzira dzisina kufambiswa.” Iyo synergy yepolicy, capital, uye tekinoroji ichasarudza China's semiconductor destiny.
XKH yakabuda seyakamisikidzwa yakasanganiswa mhinduro mupi anoshanda mumhando yepamusoro semiconductor zvinhu mumarudzi akawanda etekinoroji. Iine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hunotora kukura kwekristaro, kunyatsogadzirisa, uye mashandiro ekugadzira matekinoroji, XKH inopa yakakwirira-inoshanda substrates uye epitaxial wafers yekucheka-kumucheto maapplication mumagetsi emagetsi, RF kutaurirana, uye optoelectronic masisitimu. Yedu yekugadzira ecosystem inosanganisa maitiro ekugadzira 4-8 inch silicon carbide uye gallium nitride wafers ine indasitiri inotungamira kuremara, uku ichichengetedza inoshanda R&D zvirongwa mukubuda ekupedzisira-yakafara bandgap zvinhu zvinosanganisira gallium oxide uye diamond semiconductors. Kuburikidza nekudyidzana kwehungwaru nevanotungamira masangano ekutsvagisa uye vagadziri vemidziyo, XKH yakagadzira inochinjika yekugadzira chikuva inokwanisa kutsigira zvese zvakakwirira-vhoriyamu kugadzirwa kwezvakajairwa zvigadzirwa uye kusimudzira kwakasarudzika kweakagadziridzwa zvinhu mhinduro. XKH's tekinoroji hunyanzvi inotarisana nekugadzirisa zvakakomba indasitiri matambudziko akadai sekuvandudza wafer kufanana kwemidziyo yemagetsi, kusimudzira manejimendi ekupisa muRF maapplication, uye kugadzira novel heterostructures yeinotevera-inotevera photonic zvishandiso. Nekubatanidza sainzi yemhando yepamusoro nehunyanzvi hweinjiniya, XKH inoita kuti vatengi vakunde zvirambidzo zvekushanda mune yakakwirira-frequency, yakakwirira-simba, uye yakanyanyisa nharaunda zvikumbiro uku uchitsigira shanduko yemumba semiconductor indasitiri yakananga kusununguka kukuru kwekutengesa.
Izvi zvinotevera XKH's 12inchsapphire wafer & 12inch SiC substrate:
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-06-2025