Metallized Optical Windows: Iwo Unsung Enablers mu Precision Optics

Mune chaiyo optics uye optoelectronic masisitimu, zvikamu zvakasiyana chimwe nechimwe chinotamba basa chairo, kushanda pamwechete kuita mabasa akaomarara. Nekuti zvinhu izvi zvinogadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana, marapirwo azvo epamusoro anosiyanawo. Pakati pezvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya,optical windowsvanouya mune akawanda process akasiyana. Inoratidzika kunge iri nyore asi yakakosha subset ndeyemetallized Optical window-kwete chete "muchengeti wesuwo" wenzira yekuona, asiwo yechokwadienableryekushanda kwehurongwa. Ngatinyatsoongororai.

Chii chinonzi metallized optical hwindo-uye nei ichiisa simbi?

1) Tsanangudzo

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ametallized Optical windowchinhu chinopenya chine substrate-kazhinji girazi, fused silica, sapphire, etc-ine yakatetepa layer (kana multilayer) yesimbi (eg, Cr, Au, Ag, Al, Ni) yakaiswa pamicheto yayo kana panzvimbo dzakatarwa pamusoro pepamusoro-chaiyo vacuum maitiro senge evaporation kana sputtering.

Kubva pane yakafara kusefa taxonomy, metallized mahwindo arikwetezvechinyakare "optical filters." Masefa echinyakare (semuenzaniso, bandpass, kureba-kupfuura) akagadzirirwa kufambisa kana kutaridza mamwe mabhendi anotaridzika, achichinja mwenje wechiedza. AnOptical window, zvakasiyana, inonyanya kudzivirira. Inofanira kuchengetedzakutapurirana kwepamusoropamusoro pebhendi rakakura (semuenzaniso, VIS, IR, kana UV) uchipakuparadzaniswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuiswa chisimbiso.

Kunyanya chaizvo, hwindo rine metallized is aspecialized subclassyewindo remaziso. Kusiyanisa kwayo kuri mumetallization, iyo inopa mabasa akajairika hwindo haakwanise kupa.

2) Sei metallize? Zvinangwa zvakakosha uye mabhenefiti

Kupfekedza chinhu chinodaidzwa pachena nesimbi isina kujeka kunganzwika sechinopesana, asi isarudzo yakangwara, inotungamirwa nechinangwa. Metallization kazhinji inogonesa imwe kana yakawanda yeinotevera:

(a) Electromagnetic interference (EMI) kudzivirira
Mune akawanda emagetsi uye optoelectronic masisitimu, masensa sensors (eg, CCD/CMOS) uye lasers ari panjodzi kune ekunze EMI-uye anogona zvakare kuburitsa kupindira ivo pachavo. A inoenderera, conductive simbi layer pahwindo inogona kuita seaFaraday cage, kubvumira mwenje kuburikidza uchivharira zvisingadiwe RF/EM minda, nekudaro kudzikamisa mashandiro emudziyo.

(b) Kubatana kwemagetsi uye kuisa pasi
The metallized layer is conductive. Nekusunga mutobvu kwairi kana kuti nekuibata kune imba yesimbi, unogona kugadzira nzira dzemagetsi dzezvinhu zvakaiswa mukati merutivi rwehwindo (semuenzaniso, heaters, tembiricha sensors, maelectrodes) kana kusunga hwindo pasi kuti riparadze static uye kuwedzera nhovo.

(c) Hermetic sealing
Ichi ndicho chigadziro chekushandisa. Mumidziyo inoda vacuum yakakwirira kana inert atmosphere (semuenzaniso, laser chubhu, photomultiplier chubhu, aerospace sensors), hwindo rinofanira kubatanidzwa pasuru yesimbi inezvachose, Ultra-yakavimbika chisimbiso. Kushandisabrazing, rimu rakagadzirwa nesimbi rehwindo rinobatanidzwa kune imba yesimbi kuti iwane hermeticity iri nani pane inonamira yekubatanidza, kuve nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwezvakatipoteredza kwenguva refu.

(d) Maburi uye masiki
Metallization haifaniri kuvhara pasi rose; inogona kugadzirwa. Kuisa yakashongedzwa simbi mask (semuenzaniso, denderedzwa kana sikweya) inotsanangura chaizvo iyoburi rakajeka, inovhara chiedza chakarasika, uye inovandudza SNR uye mufananidzo wemhando.

Apo mahwindo ane metallized anoshandiswa

Nekuda kwehunyanzvi uhu, mahwindo ane simbi anoiswa zvakanyanya pese pese paanoda nharaunda:

• Defence & aerospace:vanotsvaga missile, satellite payloads, airborne IR masisitimu - uko kuzunguzika, kupisa kwakanyanya, uye yakasimba EMI ndiyo yakajairwa. Metallization inounza dziviriro, kuiswa chisimbiso, uye kudzivirira.

• Yepamusoro-soro maindasitiri & tsvagiridzo:high-power lasers, particle detectors, vacuum viewports, cryostats-zvishandiso zvinoda robust vacuum kutendeseka, kushivirira nemwaranzi, uye yakavimbika magetsi interfaces.

• Medical & Life sainzi:zviridzwa zvine ma-laser akabatanidzwa (semuenzaniso, kuyerera cytometers) izvo zvinofanirwa kuvhara iyo laser mhango uchiregedza danda kubuda.

• Kukurukurirana & kunzwa:fiber-optic modules uye gasi sensors inobatsira kubva kuEMI kudzivirira kwekuchena kwechiratidzo.

Madiro akakosha uye maitiro ekusarudza

Paunenge uchitsanangura kana kuongorora metallized Optical windows, tarisa pane:

1. Substrate zvinhu-Inosarudza optical uye yemuviri kuita:

• BK7/K9 girazi:economical; inokodzera zvinoonekwa.

• Fused silica:kutapurirana kwepamusoro kubva kuUV kuenda kuNIR; yakaderera CTE uye yakanakisa kugadzikana.

• Safire:kuoma zvakanyanya, kusakwenya, kutonhora kwakanyanya kunokwanisa; yakafara UV-yepakati-IR utility munzvimbo dzakaoma.

• Si/Ge:kunyanya kune IR mabhendi.

2. Bvunza rakajeka (CA)-Nzvimbo yakavimbiswa kusangana neoptical specs. Metallized nzvimbo dzinowanzo rara kunze (uye dzakakura kupfuura) iyo CA.

3. Metallization mhando & ukobvu-

• Crinowanzoshandiswa kuvhenekera-kuvharira maapertures uye seadhesion / brazing base.

• Auinopa yakakwirira conductivity uye oxidation kuramba kune soldering / brazing.
  Ukobvu chaihwo: makumi kusvika kumazana ema nanometers, akagadzirirwa kushanda.

4. Transmission- Mazana ekubuditsa pamusoro pebhendi rakanangwa (λ₁–λ₂). Mahwindo ekushanda kwepamusoro anogona kudarika99%mukati mebhandi rekugadzira (ine yakakodzera AR coatings pane yakajeka aperture).

5. Hermeticity- Yakakosha kune brazed windows; inowanzo simbiswa kuburikidza nehelium kuvuza kuyedzwa, ine kuomarara kwemazinga ekudonha akadai<1 × 10⁻⁸ cc/s(atm Iye).

6. Brazing kugarisana-Iyo simbi stack inofanirwa kunyorova uye kusungirirana zvakanaka kune akasarudzwa mafirita (semuenzaniso, AuSn, AgCu eutectic) uye kutsungirira kupisa bhasikoro uye kushushikana kwemagetsi.

7. Surface quality- Scratch-Dig (semuenzaniso,60-40kana zviri nani); nhamba diki dzinoratidza kushomeka kudiki/kureruka.

8. Surface figure-Kutsauka kweflatness, kazhinji inotsanangurwa mumafungu pane yakapihwa wavelength (semuenzaniso,λ/4, λ/10 @ 632.8 nm); hunhu hudiki hunoreva kupfava kuri nani.

Pazasi mutsetse

Metallized Optical windows anogara paNexus yeoptical performanceuyemechanical/electric functionality. Vanoenda kupfuura kungotapurirana, kushanda sezvipingamupinyi zvinodzivirira, EMI nhoo, hermetic interfaces, uye mabhiriji emagetsi. Kusarudza mhinduro kwayo kunoda system-level yekutengeserana kudzidza: Unoda conductivity here? Brazed hermeticity? Chii chinonzi bhendi rekushanda? Mitoro yezvakatipoteredza yakaoma sei? Mhinduro dzinotyaira kusarudzwa kwe substrate, metallization stack, uye nzira yekugadzirisa.

Ndizvo chaizvo musanganiswa uyumicro-scale yakarurama(makumi ema nanometers emainjiniya esimbi mafirimu) uyemacro-scale kusimba(zvisinei nekudzvanywa kwakasiyana uye hutsinye hwekudziya kupisa) inoita kuti mahwindo ane metallized optical ive yakakosha."super window"— kubatanidza nzvimbo yakapfava yekuona nemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara enyika.