Mahwindo eMetallized Optical: Vaya Vasingade Kunzwa muPrecision Optics

Muma "precision optics" uye "optoelectronic systems", zvikamu zvakasiyana chimwe nechimwe chinoita basa rakati, zvichishanda pamwe chete kuti zviite mabasa akaoma. Nekuti zvikamu izvi zvinogadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana, kurapwa kwazvo pamusoro kunosiyanawo. Pakati pezvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya,mahwindo echiedzainouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemaitiro. Chikamu chinoita sechiri nyore asi chakakosha ndichohwindo remaziso rakaiswa simbi—kwete "muchengeti wegedhi" wenzira yemaziso chete, asiwo wechokwadimubatsirimashandiro esystem. Ngatinyatsoongororai.

Chii chinonzi hwindo re optical rakaiswa simbi—uye sei richiiswa simbi?

1) Tsananguro

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ahwindo remaziso rakaiswa simbichinhu chinoonekwa chine substrate—inowanzova girazi, fused silica, safira, nezvimwewo—chine simbi yakatetepa (kana multilayer) (semuenzaniso, Cr, Au, Ag, Al, Ni) yakaiswa pamipendero yayo kana panzvimbo dzakatarwa kuburikidza nemaitiro evacuum akanyatsojeka akadai se evaporation kana sputtering.

Kubva pakusefa kwakakura, mahwindo ane simbi anowanikwakwete"mafirita ekuona" echinyakare. Mafirita ekare (semuenzaniso, bandpass, long-pass) akagadzirirwa kuendesa kana kuratidza mamwe mabhendi espectral, zvichichinja spectrum yechiedza.hwindo remaziso, zvakasiyana, inonyanya kudzivirira. Inofanira kuchengetedzakutapurirana kwepamusoropamusoro pebhandi rakakura (semuenzaniso, VIS, IR, kana UV) uku uchipakuparadzaniswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuvharwa.

Zvakanyatsojeka, hwindo rakaiswa simbi ikirasi yakasarudzikayehwindo remaoptical. Kusiyana kwaro kuri mukugadzirwa kwesimbi, iyo inopa mabasa ayo hwindo rakajairika risingakwanise kupa.

2) Sei uchishandisa simbi? Zvinangwa zvikuru uye mabhenefiti

Kuputira chinhu chinoonekwa sechinopenya nesimbi isingaonekwe zvakanaka kunganzwika sekunge kusinganzwisisike, asi isarudzo yakangwara uye ine chinangwa. Kugadzirisa simbi kunowanzo bvumidza chimwe chezvinotevera:

(a) Kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwemagetsi (EMI)
Mumasystem mazhinji emagetsi neoptoelectronic, masensa anonzwa (semuenzaniso, CCD/CMOS) uye malaser anogona kukanganiswa neEMI yekunze—uye anogonawo kuburitsa kukanganiswa pachawo. Rutivi rwesimbi runoenderera mberi, runofambisa mhepo pahwindo runogona kushanda seKeji yeFaraday, zvichibvumira chiedza kupfuura nepo zvichivhara minda yeRF/EM isingadiwe, nokudaro zvichidzikamisa mashandiro emudziyo.

(b) Kubatanidza magetsi nekuisa pasi
Rutivi rwacho rwakagadzirwa nesimbi runofambisa magetsi. Nekubatanidza tambo pairi kana kuti nekubata pachigadziko chesimbi, unogona kugadzira nzira dzemagetsi dzezvinhu zvakaiswa mukati mehwindo (semuenzaniso, maheater, ma temperature sensors, ma electrodes) kana kusunga hwindo pasi kuti ribvise static uye riwedzere kudzivirira.

(c) Kuvharwa kwemushonga wekudzivirira kubva mumhepo
Iyi inyaya yekushandisa yakakosha. Mumidziyo inoda vacuum yakawanda kana mhepo isina simba (semuenzaniso, machubhu elaser, machubhu ephotomultiplier, masensa emuchadenga), hwindo rinofanira kubatanidzwa nepakeji yesimbi inechisimbiso chisingaperi, chakavimbika zvikuruKushandisabrazing, muromo wehwindo wakagadzirwa nesimbi wakabatana neimba yesimbi kuti ive nekupisa kuri nani kupfuura kubatana kwenamira, zvichiita kuti zvakatipoteredza zvigare kwenguva refu.

(d) Maburi nemasiki
Kugadzirwa kwesimbi hakufanirwe kufukidza pamusoro pese; kunogona kugadzirwa nemapatani. Kuisa chifukidzo chesimbi chakagadzirwa (semuenzaniso, chakatenderera kana chesikweya) kunonyatsotsanangura chimirokuvhurika kwakajeka, inovhara chiedza chiri kunze kwechiedza, uye inovandudza SNR uye kunaka kwemufananidzo.

Kwanoshandiswa mahwindo ane simbi

Nekuda kwehunyanzvi uhu, mahwindo ane simbi anowanikwa zvakanyanya chero kupi zvako kwaunoda nharaunda:

• Dziviriro nendege:kutsvaga zvombo zvinokandwa, satellite payloads, airborne IR systems—uko kudedera, kupisa kwakanyanya, uye simba remagetsi (EMI) ndizvo zvakajairika. Kugadzirwa kwesimbi kunounza dziviriro, kuvhara, uye kudzivirira.

• Tsvagiridzo yepamusoro-soro yeindasitiri neindasitiri:ma laser ane simba guru, ma particle detectors, ma vacuum viewports, ma cryostats—maapplication anoda vacuum integrity yakasimba, kushivirira mwaranzi, uye ma interface emagetsi akavimbika.

• Sainzi yezvekurapa nehupenyu:zvishandiso zvine ma-laser akabatanidzwa (semuenzaniso, ma-flow cytometers) zvinofanira kuvhara gomba relaser uku zvichiburitsa danda.

• Kutaurirana & Kunzwa:mamodule efiber-optic uye masensa egasi anobatsirwa neEMI shield kuti masaini aonekwe zvakanaka.

Zvinongedzo zvakakosha uye zvinodiwa pakusarudza

Paunenge uchitsanangura kana kuongorora mahwindo esimbi, tarisa pane zvinotevera:

1. Zvinhu zvepasi pevhu- Inosarudza mashandiro emaziso nemuviri:

• Girazi reBK7/K9:isingadhuri; yakakodzera zvinoonekwa.

• Silica yakasanganiswa:kutumirwa kwakanyanya kubva kuUV kuenda kuNIR; CTE yakaderera uye kugadzikana kwakanaka.

• Safaya:yakasimba zvikuru, haikwenyi, inokwanisa kupisa zvakanyanya; inobatsira zvikuru muUV-mid-IR munzvimbo dzakaoma.

• Si/Ge:kunyanya kune mabhendi eIR.

2. Aperture yakajeka (CA)- Dunhu iri rine chokwadi chekuti richasangana nezvinodiwa nemaziso. Nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa nesimbi dzinowanzova kunze (uye dzakakura kupfuura) CA.

3. Rudzi rwesimbi & ukobvu–

• Crinowanzo shandiswa pakuvhara chiedza uye sehwaro hwekunamatira/kuputira.

• Auinopa conductivity yakakwira uye resistance ye oxidation ye soldering/brazing.
  Ukobvu hwakajairika: makumi kusvika mazana e nanometers, akagadzirirwa kushanda.

4. Kutapurirana- Percentage throughput pamusoro pe target band (λ₁–λ₂). Mahwindo ane mashandiro akanaka anogona kudarika99%mukati mebhandi rekugadzira (nemachira eAR akakodzera paburi rakajeka).

5. Kugara mudenga- Zvakakosha kumahwindo ane simbi; zvinowanzo simbiswa kuburikidza nekuyedzwa kwekubuda kwe helium, nekubuda kwemvura kwakasimba kwakadai se< 1 × 10⁻⁸ cc/s(atm Iye).

6. Kuenderana kweBrazing– Dura resimbi rinofanira kunyoroveswa uye kubatana zvakanaka nemidziyo yekuzadza yakasarudzwa (semuenzaniso, AuSn, AgCu eutectic) uye kutsungirira kupisa uye kushushikana kwemagetsi.

7. Hunhu hwepamusoro- Kukwenya-Chera (semuenzaniso,60-40kana zviri nani); nhamba diki dzinoratidza zvikanganiso zvishoma/zvishoma.

8. Mufananidzo wepamusoro- Kutsauka kwakatsetseka, kunowanzo tsanangurwa mumafungu pahurefu hwewavelength hwakatarwa (semuenzaniso,λ/4, λ/10 @ 632.8 nm); zvidiki zvinoreva kuti mativi acho ari nani.

Mutsetse wekupedzisira

Mahwindo esimbi ane magirazi ari pedyo nemashandiro emazisouyemashandiro emakanika/magetsiZvinopfuura kungotumirana chete, zvichishanda sezvidziviriro zvekudzivirira, zvidziviriro zveEMI, nzvimbo dzinopindirana nemhepo, uye mabhiriji emagetsiKusarudza mhinduro chaiyo kunoda ongororo yekutengeserana yesystem-level: Unoda conductivity here? Brazed hermeticity? Chii chinonzi operating band? Mitoro yezvakatipoteredza yakakura sei? Mhinduro dzacho dzinotungamira kusarudzwa kwe substrate, metallization stack, uye nzira yekugadzirisa.

Ndiwo musanganiswa chaiwo uyu wekunyatsojeka kwezvikero zvidiki(makumi ema nanometer emafirimu esimbi akagadzirwa neinjiniya) uyekusimba kwehukuru hukuru(kunyangwe paine kumanikidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana uye kupisa kwakanyanya) zvinoita kuti mahwindo esimbi aonekwe seanokosha."hwindo guru"—kubatanidza nzvimbo yemaziso yakapfava nemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara enyika chaiyo.