Nhanganyaya
Yakafuridzirwa nekubudirira kwema electronic integrated circuits (EICs), munda wema photonic integrated circuits (PICs) wanga uchichinja kubva pawakatanga muna 1969. Zvisinei, kusiyana nema EICs, kugadzirwa kwepuratifomu yepasi rose inokwanisa kutsigira mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana e photonic kuchiri dambudziko guru. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora tekinoroji iri kubuda yeLithium Niobate on Insulator (LNOI), iyo yave mhinduro inovimbisa yePIC dzechizvarwa chinotevera.
Kukura kweLNOI Technology
Lithium niobate (LN) yagara ichizivikanwa sechinhu chakakosha pakushandiswa kwe photonic. Zvisinei, kugona kwayo kwakazara kwakaburitswa chete nekuuya kwe thin-film LNOI uye matekiniki ekugadzira epamusoro. Vaongorori vakabudirira kuratidza ma ultra-low-loss ridge waveguides uye ultra-high-Q microresonators pamapuratifomu eLNOI [1], zvichiratidza kukwira kukuru mu integrated photonics.
Mabhenefiti Akakosha eLNOI Technology
- Kurasikirwa kwemaziso kwakanyanya-kwakaderera(yakaderera se0.01 dB/cm)
- Zvivakwa zvemhando yepamusoro zve nanophotonic
- Tsigiro yemaitiro akasiyana-siyana e-nonlinear optical
- Kugadziriswa kwemagetsi-optic (EO) kwakabatanidzwa
Maitiro Asina Kurongeka Emaziso paLNOI
Zvivakwa zve nanophotonic zvinoshanda zvakanyanya zvakagadzirwa papuratifomu yeLNOI zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuita mabasa akakosha ekuona asiri emutsara nekushanda zvakanaka uye simba shoma rekupomba. Maitiro akaratidzwa anosanganisira:
- Kugadzirwa kweHarmonic kweChipiri (SHG)
- Kugadzirwa kweManguva Ekuwedzera (SFG)
- Kugadzira Frequency yeMusiyano (DFG)
- Kuchinja-Kuderera kweParametric (PDC)
- Kusanganisa Mafungu Mana (FWM)
Zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekufananidza zvikamu zvakashandiswa kuti zvivandudze maitiro aya, zvichiita kuti LNOI ive puratifomu yemaziso isingashandise mitsetse yakawanda.
Midziyo Yakabatanidzwa Inogadziriswa Nemagetsi
Tekinoroji yeLNOI yakagonesawo kugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvishandiso zve photonic zvinoshanda uye zvisingashande, zvakaita se:
- Mamodulator emagetsi anomhanya kwazvo
- MaPIC anoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana anogona kugadziriswazve
- Makombi efrequency anogadziriswa
- Zvitubu zve micro-optomechanical
Midziyo iyi inoshandisa hunhu hweEO hwe lithium niobate kuti iwane kudzora kwakarurama uye nekukurumidza kwezviratidzo zvechiedza.
Mashandisirwo Anoshanda eLNOI Photonics
MaPIC akavakirwa paLNOI ari kushandiswa muhuwandu huri kukura hwemashandisirwo anoshanda, anosanganisira:
- Ma microwave-ku-optical converters
- Ma sensor ekuona
- Maspectromita ari pa-chip
- Makombi eOptical Frequency
- Masisitimu ekukurukurirana kwenhare epamusoro
Mashandisirwo aya anoratidza kugona kweLNOI kuenderana nekushanda kwezvikamu zve bulk-optic, ukuwo ichipa mhinduro dzinogona kukura uye dzinoshandisa simba shoma kuburikidza nekugadzira photolithographic.
Matambudziko Aripo Iye Zvino uye Nzira Dzemangwana
Pasinei nekufambira mberi kwayo, tekinoroji yeLNOI inosangana nematambudziko akati wandei ehunyanzvi:
a) Kuwedzera Kuderedza Kurasikirwa Kwemaziso
Kurasikirwa kwewaveguide iripo (0.01 dB/cm) kuchiri pamusoro pemuganho wekunyudzwa kwezvinhu. Kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwekucheka maion uye nanofabrication kunodiwa kuderedza kuomarara kwenzvimbo uye zvikanganiso zvine chekuita nekunyudzwa.
b) Kudzora Kwakavandudzwa Kwemafungu Emafungu
Kugonesa mawaveguides e-sub-700 nm uye maburi ekubatanidza e-sub-2 μm pasina kukanganisa kudzokorora kana kuwedzera kurasikirwa kwekupararira kwakakosha kuti pave nehuwandu hwakawanda hwekubatanidza.
c) Kuvandudza Kushanda Zvakanaka Kwekubatanidza
Kunyange zvazvo fibers dzakatetepa uye mode converters zvichibatsira kuwana coupling efficiency yakanyanya, anti-reflection coatings inogona kuderedza air-material interface reflections.
d) Kugadzirwa kweZvikamu zvePolarization Zvisina Kurasikirwa Zvakanyanya
Zvishandiso zve photonic zvisinganzwisiswi ne polarization paLNOI zvakakosha, zvinoda zvikamu zvinoenderana nekushanda kwe free-space polarizers.
e) Kubatanidzwa kweMagetsi Emagetsi Ekudzora
Kubatanidza zvinobudirira magetsi makuru ekudzora pasina kuderedza mashandiro emaziso inzira huru yekutsvaga.
f) Advanced Phase Matching and Dispersion Engineering
Kugadzira mapatani edomeini akavimbika pa sub-micron resolution kwakakosha kune nonlinear optics asi kunoramba kuri tekinoroji isina kukura papuratifomu yeLNOI.
g) Muripo weMatambudziko Ekugadzira
Matekiniki ekuderedza kuchinja kwezvikamu kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza kana kusiyana kwekugadzirwa kwakakosha pakushandiswa kwenzvimbo chaiyo.
h) Kubatanidza MaChip Akawanda Zvinobudirira
Kugadzirisa kubatana kwakanaka pakati pemachipisi eLNOI akawanda kwakakosha kuti zvipfuure miganhu yekubatanidza machipisi ega ega.
Kubatanidzwa kweMonolithic kweZvikamu Zvinoshanda uye Zvisingashande
Dambudziko guru reLNOI PICs kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvinoshanda uye zvisingashandiswi pabasa (monolithic integration) zvinodhura uye zvinobudirira zvakaita se:
- MaLaser
- Zvishandiso zvekuongorora
- Vashanduri vewavelength vasiri vemutsara
- Mamodulator
- MaMultiplexers/Demultiplexers
Maitiro aripo iye zvino anosanganisira:
a) Kushandiswa kweIon muLNOI:
Kuisa ma ions anoshanda munzvimbo dzakatarwa kunogona kutungamira kumagetsi ari pa-chip.
b) Kubatana uye Kubatanidzwa Kwakasiyana:
Kubatanidza maLNOI PICs akagadziriswa kare ane maLNOI layers kana maIII-V lasers kunopa imwe nzira.
c) Kugadzirwa kweWafer yeHybrid Active/Passive LNOI Wafer:
Nzira itsva inosanganisira kubatanidza ma LN wafers akachekwa neakabviswa maion usati wacheka maion, zvichikonzera ma LNOI wafers ane nzvimbo dzinoshanda nedzisina kusimba.
Mufananidzo 1inoratidza pfungwa yehybrid integrated active/passive PICs, uko nzira imwe chete ye lithographic inobvumira kurongeka uye kubatanidzwa kwemarudzi ese ezvikamu.
Kubatanidzwa kwePhotodetectors
Kubatanidza ma photodetectors mu LNOI-based PICs inhanho yakakosha yekuenda kumasystem anoshanda zvizere. Nzira mbiri huru dziri kuferefetwa:
a) Kubatanidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana:
Zvimiro zve semiconductor nanostructures zvinogona kubatanidzwa kwenguva pfupi neLNOI waveguides. Zvisinei, kuvandudzwa mukushanda kwekuona uye kukura kuchiri kudiwa.
b) Kushandurwa kweNonlinear Wavelength:
Hunhu hweLN husina kurongeka hunobvumira kushandurwa kwema frequency mukati mema waveguides, zvichigonesa kushandiswa kwema standard silicon photodetectors zvisinei ne operating wavelength.
Mhedziso
Kufambira mberi nekukurumidza kwetekinoroji yeLNOI kunoswededza indasitiri pedyo nepuratifomu yepasi rose yePIC inokwanisa kushandira mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana. Nekugadzirisa matambudziko aripo uye kusundira mberi hunyanzvi mukubatanidzwa kwe monolithic uye detector, maPIC akavakirwa paLNOI ane mukana wekuchinja nzvimbo dzakadai sekutaurirana, ruzivo rwe quantum, uye kunzwa.
LNOI ine vimbiso yekuzadzisa chiono chenguva refu chePIC dzinogona kuwedzeredzwa, zvichienderana nekubudirira uye simba reEICs. Kuenderera mberi kwekuedza kweR&D—senge kwakabva kuNanjing Photonics Process Platform neXiaoyaoTech Design Platform—kuchava kwakakosha mukuumba ramangwana rephotonics dzakabatanidzwa uye kuvhura mikana mitsva munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzetekinoroji.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-18-2025